不同灌溉施肥方式对春玉米产量和水分生产效率影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Methods on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Corn

作　　者：周继华[1] 贾松涛 

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [2]通州区农业技术推广站,北京101100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第36期224-227,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市科委科技攻关项目"环境友好型都市粮田高产创建技术研究与示范"(Z101105002510002)

摘　　要：为明确不同灌溉施肥方式在春玉米上的应用效果,以‘郑单958’玉米品种为试材,设置了4种灌溉施肥方式(雨养玉米、常规灌溉施肥、滴灌施肥、1/2滴灌施肥),研究其对春玉米株高、茎粗、根系、产量及水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:在一定自然降雨条件下,滴灌施肥方式可明显促进根系生长发育,对玉米前期的地上部生长发育有较大作用;施肥总量一致的前提下,采用滴灌施肥有利于保障玉米的有效成穗,增加穗粒数,从而提高产量。生育期灌水675 m3/hm2的滴灌施肥模式,较常规灌溉施肥方式节省灌水50%前提下,产量达11310 kg/hm2,提高420 kg/hm2;水分生产效率2.2 kg/m3,提高0.26 kg/m3。因此,滴灌施肥技术在春玉米上具有较好的应用效果,可在有条件的地方大面积示范推广。In order to make clear the application effects of different methods of irrigation and fertilization on spring corn, ＇Zhengdan 958＇ was used as the plant material, and effects of four different methods of irrigation and fertilization （Rain-fed; Conventional irrigation and fertilization; drip irrigation and fertilization and 1/2 drip irrigation and fertilization） on plant height, root, yield and water use efficiency of ＇Zhengdan 958＇ were studied. The results indicated that： under the condition of natural rainfall, drip irrigation and fertilization could significantly promote root growth and development, and also had a greater impact on the above-ground growth of ＇Zhengdan 958＇ at its early growth stage. Under the same fertilization amount, drip irrigation and fertilization would be more helpful to increase the number of ears and grain number per spike, resulting in the increase of grain yield. Under the amount of irrigation （675 m3/hm2） using drip irrigation and fertilization, half amount of water was saved compared with conventional method of irrigation and fertilization; yield achieved 11310 kg/hm2, with the increasing amount of 420 kg/hm2 and water use efficiency achieved 2.2 kg/m3, with the increasing amount of 0.26 kg/m3. Therefore, the technique of drip irrigation and fertilization has a better application prospects on spring corn cultivation. And this technique could be further promoted under permitted conditions.

关 键 词：春玉米 滴灌施肥 产量 水分生产效率 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S274.1[农业科学—农艺学]