不同灌溉施肥方式对马铃薯产量和养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Different Fertigation Methods on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Potato

作　　者：张志伟[1] 梁斌[1] 李俊良[1] 何华[1] 金圣爱[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第36期268-272,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项"集约化菜地最佳养分管理技术模式与示范"(201103003);公益性行业(农业)科研项目"农田基础设施工程集成技术及模式研究"(200903009-2);山东省现代农业产业技术体系薯类创新团队

摘　　要：作为世界第四大粮食作物,提高马铃薯产量和水肥资源的利用率,对于满足人们粮食需求和生态环境可持续发展意义重大。为了探索一种高效的马铃薯灌溉施肥的方法,通过田间试验,研究了不同灌溉方式(滴灌、微喷灌和大水漫灌)和施肥量(525、600、675、750 kg/hm2)对马铃薯产量和水肥资源利用的影响。结果表明,与传统处理相比,滴灌处理使提高马铃薯出苗成活率显著提高10%;在相同施肥的情况下,滴灌处理提高马铃薯产量和偏生产力;在不影响产量的前提下,滴灌处理达到了节水37%,节肥55%的效果。综上可见滴灌对提高马铃薯产量和资源利用率都有积极意义。As the fourth grain crop, it is important to improve the yield of potato and water and fertilizers resource use efficiency for meeting food demand and environmental sustainability. For exploring a way of efficient fertigation on potato, field plot trials were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation methods （drip irrigation, micro-irrigation and traditional irrigation） and different fertilizer rates （525, 600, 675, 750 kg/ hm2） on potato yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that, drip irrigation significantly increase the seedling rate of potato from 85% of traditional irrigation treatment to 95%. Under the same amount of the fertilizer, drip irrigation increased potato yield and partial factor productivity of applied fertilizer. Compared to the traditional irrigation, drip irrigation saved 37% water and 55% fertilizer with the same yield. In conclusion, the drip irrigation is appropriate for increasing potato yield and improving the water use efficiency.

关 键 词：出苗率 滴灌 微喷灌 偏生产力 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]