勐腊保护区亚洲象为害现状调查分析与对策  

Elephas maximus Damage Survey and Countermeasures in Mengla Nature Reserve

作　　者：宗建坤 郭贤明 王兰新 

机构地区：[1]西双版纳国家级自然保护区勐腊管理所,云南勐腊666300 [2]西双版纳国家级自然保护区科研所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《林业调查规划》2013年第6期102-106,111,共6页Forest Inventory and Planning

摘　　要：2004～2012年，勐腊子保护区内共有31个村寨受到亚洲象不同程度的为害，其中仅1年受到为害的有16个村寨，占总为害村数的51．6％，受到6年以上为害的有5个村寨，占16．1％。亚洲象的为害与村寨的分布密度有一定的关系，村寨分布密度大的区域亚洲象为害相对较小，分布密度小的区域为害较大。稻谷、玉米、甘蔗和香蕉等作物是亚洲象喜食的食物，是亚洲象的主要为害对象。亚洲象虽然不直接取食橡胶、辣椒等植物，但其在活动过程中由于踩踏等原因也造成了这些植物大量损失。为了有效缓解亚洲象的为害，提出做好栖息地的保护与恢复、促进产业结构调整和建立预警预报系统等建议。From 2004 to 2012, a total of 31 villages damaged by Elephas maximus in varying degrees in Mengla nature reserve, in which 16 villages have been damaged only in one year, accounted for 51.6% of the total number of damaged villages, five villages have been damaged more than 6 years, accounted for 16. 1%. Elephas maximus damage have a certain relationship with villages density, Asian elephants damage are small relatively in large distribution density of villages, but are bigger in small distribution density of villages. Rice, corn, sugar cane and banana crops are the main targets of Elephas maximus damage. Meanwhile Elephas maximus also caused a significant loss on rubber, pepper and other plants for its activities and other reasons. In order to effectively alleviate the damage caused by Elephas maxi- mus, countermeasures to complete elephant habitat protection and restoration promote industrial restructu- ring and establish warning and forecasting systems and so on have been put forward.

关 键 词：亚洲象 为害对象 为害损失 栖息地保护 勐腊保护区 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学] S718.521.1[农业科学—林学]