温州蜜柑和柠檬及金柑的花果脱落养分损耗比较  

On Nutrient Losses in Flowers and Fruits of Statsuma,Lemon and Kumquat

作　　者：王男麒[1,2] 彭良志[2] 冉渝[1] 黄翼[2] 周薇[2] 邢飞[2] 朱春钊 

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [2]西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第12期70-76,共7页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项;国家自然科学基金(31201587);重庆市科委应用开发计划项目(cstc2013yykfA0107)基金资助

摘　　要：以成年兴津温州蜜柑、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,研究落蕾、落花和脱落幼果的养分含量及脱落损耗.结果表明:3个品种的落蕾和落花营养元素含量为N 2.53%～3.43%,P 0.23%～0.30%,K 1.58%～2.25%,Ca、Mg和S含量为0.15%～0.75%,Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和B含量为9.6～66.6mg/kg.除落花的B含量显著高于落蕾外,落花和落蕾的多数营养元素含量相近,且品种间差异小.与蕾和花相比,兴津温州蜜柑落果的N和P含量出现较大幅度下降,平均下降幅度分别达10.29%和13.85%,Fe含量上升,其它营养元素含量变化不明显;圆金柑脱落幼果所有元素含量及尤力克柠檬脱落幼果N、K和Cu以外其余元素含量均有不同程度的上升,且均达到显著差异(p<0.05).兴津温州蜜柑、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑单株脱落的蕾、花和幼果总干质量分别为3 533.6g、394.3g和122.9g,由此所造成的单株主要养分损耗兴津温州蜜柑为N 119.4g、P 10.1g、K 76.2g、M g 7.1g、Zn 81.5mg和B 170.2mg,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑分别为N 10.2g和4.1g、P 1.0g和0.4g、K 7.0g和2.4g、Mg 0.7g和0.3g、Zn 7.6mg和2.7mg和B 18.64mg和4.0mg.兴津温州蜜柑的养分损耗落花>落蕾>落果,尤力克柠檬为落果>落花>落蕾,圆金柑为落花>落果>落蕾.品种间以兴津温州蜜柑脱落的养分损耗最大,尤力克柠檬其次,圆金柑最小.因此,柑橘多花品种应控制过量开花.Nutrient Losses in dropped and Fruits of Statsuma,Lemon and Kumquat have been studied in Okitsu Wase satsuma（Citrus unshiu Marc.cv.Okitsu wase）,Eureka lemon（Citrus limon Burm.f.）and Round kumquat（Fortunella japonica Swingle）adult trees.Results show that the nutrient element content in flower buds and dropped flower buds and flowers of the 3varieties were N 2.53%～3.34%;P 0.23%～0.30%;K 1.58%～2.25%;Ca,Mg and S content were 0.15%～0.75%;Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and B content were 9.6～66.6mg/kg.B content was significantly higher in dropped flowers than in flower dropped buds,but other nutrient element content in dropped are close to in dropped buds.For the same organs,the content of each nutrient element varied with small differences among the 3varieties.Compared with dropped buds and flowers,N and P content in young dropped fruits greatly decreased and Fe content increased obviously for Okitsu Wase satsuma,and the average decreases of 10.29% N and 13.85% P were measured,but the changes of other nutrient element content are not obviously.While for Eureka lemon and Round kumquat,almost all nutrient element content in dropped young fruits greatly increased,and reached the significance level（p0.05）.The total dry weight of dropped flower buds,flowers and young fruits are 3 533.6g/tree for Okitsu Wase satsuma,394.3g/tree for Eureka lemon and 122.9g/tree for Round kumquat,which resulted in serious nutrient element losses of N 119.4g,P 10.1g,K 76.2g,Mg 7.1g,Zn 81.5mg and B 170.2mg for single Okitsu Wase satsuma tree,of N 10.29g and 4.1g,P 1.0g and 0.4g,K 7.0g and 2.4g,Mg 0.7g and 0.3g,Zn 7.6mg and 2.7mg and B 18.64mg and 4.0mg for single Eureka lemon and Round kumquat tree.The losses of nutrient elements caused by flower drops flower bud dropsyoung fruit drops for Okitsu Wase satsuma,and young fruits dropsflower drops flower buds drops for Eureka lemon,and flowers drops young fruits dropsflower buds drops for Round kumquat.Okitsu Wase satsuma had the biggest losses of nutrient elements caused by those drops, and

关 键 词：柑橘 花蕾 花 幼果 营养元素 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]