陇东地区齐家文化时期木炭化石记录及其指示意义  

THE CHARCOAL RECORDS OF QIJIA SITES IN LONGDONG BASIN AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

作　　者：李虎[1] 安成邦[1] 董惟妙[1] 王树芝[2] 董广辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,干旱环境与气候变化协同创新中心,兰州730000 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2014年第1期35-42,共8页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41071051);科技部国家科技支撑计划项目中华文明探源工程(批准号:2013BAK08B02)共同资助

摘　　要：探讨人与植物之间的关系问题是环境考古学研究的重要内容,木炭分析是研究人类利用木材资源的重要研究手段之一。本文对陇东盆地内3个齐家文化时期遗址出土木炭进行分析,研究史前人类对木材的利用状况以及遗址周边的植被状况。结果显示:栎属的出土率为100%,百分含量也最高,是当时人类用作薪柴的最主要的来源;梨属、枣属、樱属等果树的出现反映出史前人类采集遗址周边的野生植物资源作为食物。木材的收集活动发生在遗址周边,影响人类收集木材的主要因素可能为各树种在植被中的丰度。一些亚热带树种的出现显示当时的气候条件可能比现在暖湿。Longdong basin is located in the central part of Chinese Loess Plateau between Ziwuling and Liupan Mountains, eastern Gansu Province. Jing, Malian, Pu, Hei, Malan, and Gan Rivers run through this area and most of its surface is covered by thick loess. Around ca. 4kaB. P., Qijia culture flourished in Longdong basin. We investigated Laohuzui site （ 35°57＇N, 107°07＇E） of Zhenyuan County, Jiangjiazui site （ 35°02＇N, 107°26＇E） and Qiaocun site（35°09＇N, 107°29＇E） of Lingtai County in May 2011 and August 2012. Eight samples from ash pits in these three sites were collected for floatation. All the samples are dated back to the Qijia period based on the typologies of ceramics collected from the same ash pits. Carbonized remains were collected by a sieve with # 80meshes（aperture size of 0.2mm）then dried in the shade and sorted. Charcoal fragments （〉2mm）were identified at Lanzhou University. Here we present the quantitative result of charcoal fossil records to study how prehistoric people used plants around the sites and its climatic implications. We identified a total of 300 charcoal fragments. Of which,283 fragments categorized into 13 genera including one kind of conifer plants, eleven kinds of deciduous tree and one kind of Bambusoideae leaving 17 charcoal fragments unidentified yet. The conifer tree is Picea. The deciduous trees are Quercus,Acer, Corylus Cerasus,Pyrus, Rhus, Salix,Ziziphus, Toona,Acanthopanax,and Liquidambar. Quercus was found in all samples while all the other kinds of trees were each found in one sample except for Bambusoideae. Quercus was dominant in all eight samples accounting for 14. 3%,d7.2%,94%, 100%,68.2%,75%,97.7% and 100% accordingly. Acer, Cerasus,Pyrus,Rhus and Salix were found in sample 1 of Qiaocun site accounting for 10.7%, 10.7%, 7.1%, 10.7% and 3.6% respectively. Picea, Corylus and Toona were found in sample 2 of Qiaocun site accounting for 25%, 5. 6% and 8.3% respectively. Acanthopanax was found in sample 3 of Laohuzui site accounting for 22.7

关 键 词：陇东 木炭大化石 齐家文化 木材 利用 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q948[历史地理—历史学]