旧石器遗址动物骨骼表面非人工痕迹研究及其考古学意义  

NON-HUMAN SURFACE MODIFICATIONS TO ANIMAL BONES FROM PALEOLITHIC SITES AND THEIR ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

作　　者：张双权[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2014年第1期131-140,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA05130302);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-EW-QN110);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41302017)共同资助

摘　　要：骨骼表面痕迹观察是旧石器时代动物考古学研究中的一个重要手段。通常情况下,在切割痕、砍砸痕、烧灼痕等古人类行为活动痕迹之外,考古遗址出土的动物骨骼表面都有多种非人工痕迹的保留。但是,相对于人工改造痕迹而言,国内考古学家对于后者的关注与研究却明显不足。本文以考古研究中最为常见的肉食类齿痕、啮齿类啮咬痕、水流磨蚀痕、踩踏痕、生物/化学腐蚀痕以及风化痕迹等为例,系统介绍它们的产生机理、主要鉴别特征、分布规律以及研究案例,并对其在旧石器时代动物考古学研究中的意义进行讨论与阐述。The analysis of bone surface modifications is currently a major technique of taphonomic studies of the faunal remains from the Paleolithic sites. In addition to human-induced bone surface modifications, such as cut marks, percussion marks, and burning, there are generally non-human alterations observed on animal bones from the Paleolithic sites in China. However, although of particular significance, archaeologists have surprisingly seldom addressed the importance of the identifications of these naturally derived marks on bones. In this paper, certain categories of taphonomic imprints left on the faunal remains by nonhuman agents are outlined; underlying mechanisms, differential characteristics, distributional patterns and case studies for these bone modifications are also discussed; and archeological significance of these observations to the Chinese Paleolithic is also briefly mentioned by the author. Among the nonhuman surface modifications observed on animal bones from the archaeological sites, carnivore tooth marks such as pits,punctures, scores and furrows are well-known to archaeologists; and a taphonomic study of the faunal assemblage from the Lingjing site shows that 5.4% of the bone fragments bearing tooth marks, which strongly indicates a weak role played by carnivores in the accumulations and modification of these bones. Some species of rodents may accumulate and gnaw on animal bones to wear away their ever-growing incisors and consequently induce some kinds of characteristic signatures on these bones. A percentage of about 5% -6% of animal bones from the Longyadong site have gnawing marks, suggesting of a minor role played by rodents in the accumulations of this bone assemblage. Sedimentary particles carried on by flowing water may abrade bones and impart some randomly distributed striations on their surfaces. A certain proportion of bone fragments from the Xujiayao site at Nihewan basin bear this kind of modifications,which says to some extent a complicated depositional history for this faunal ass

关 键 词：旧石器时代 埋藏学 动物考古学 动物骨骼组合 非人工痕迹 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K854[历史地理—历史学]