中国海域深水区油气地质  

Petroleum geology of deep-water areas in offshore China

作　　者：张功成 米立军[2] 屈红军[3] 张厚和 谢晓军 胡圣标[4] 张义娜 

机构地区：[1]中海油研究总院,北京100027 [2]中国海洋石油有限公司勘探部,北京100010 [3]西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [4]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《石油学报》2013年第S02期1-14,共14页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目"南海深水盆地油气资源形成与分布基础性研究"(2009CB219400);国家重大科技专项"海洋深水区油气勘探关键技术"(2008ZX05025;2011ZX05025);国土资源部全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价项目"南海北部陆坡深水海域油气资源战略调查及评价"(XQ-2004-05)及"南海北部深水区天然气资源战略调查及评价"(XQ-2007-05)资助

摘　　要：中国海域深水区(水深大于300 m)沉积盆地主要分布在南海海域。南海经历古南海、新南海两大边缘海构造旋回,形成中央洋壳、大陆坡和大陆架。各大陆边缘具有"西、北张;东、南压;南沙漂移"特征。深水区沉积盆地呈环型沿陆坡和南沙地块分布,东部深水区盆地不甚发育。南海西、北部大陆边缘深水区盆地经历了古近纪的裂谷作用和新近纪的拗陷及新构造作用。南沙地块经历了始新世—早渐新世断陷、晚渐新世—早中新世漂移和晚中新世以来的挤压阶段。南海南部大陆边缘渐新世以来长期处于挤压状态。南海东部大陆边缘晚中新世末以来处于挤压造岛阶段,导致南海封闭和俯冲带盆地发育。南海深水区盆地烃源岩发育层系多,包括白垩系、古新统、始新统、渐新统、中新统,其中白垩系—始新统烃源岩主要分布在南沙地块,渐新统—中新统烃源岩分布在大陆坡,呈现中央时代老、周缘时代新的格局。烃源岩类型主要是海陆过渡相煤层、碳质泥岩、暗色泥岩和海相泥岩,主要盆地现今为热盆—超热盆,历史热流值更高,十分有利于沉积有机质向油气转化。南海深水区主要生烃凹陷呈"C"型沿北部大陆边缘—西部大陆边缘—南部大陆边缘和南沙地块分布,发育10多个面积大、基底顶面埋藏深度大、地层厚度大、资源潜力大的凹陷,其中部分凹陷已被证实为富生烃凹陷。南海深水区储集体主要有大型深水扇体系、生物礁、三角洲相砂岩等。深水区盖层优良,多为厚层泥岩。圈闭类型有大型构造圈闭、生物礁、大型地层岩性圈闭。深水区油气大多为晚期生排烃,晚期聚集、近源成藏,普遍具有"下生、中储、上盖"的优越成藏组合。深水区油气勘探策略是尽快优选最有利的生烃凹陷及其最优的区带和目标,尽快发现一批骨干大油气田。In offshore China, deep-water sedimentary basins （water depth 〉300 m） are mainly distributed in South China Sea （SCS）. SCS has experienced two major tectonic cycles of marginal sea （from Proto-SCS to Neo-SCS） and formed the central oceanic crust, continental slope, and continental shelf. It is characterized by extension in the northern continental margin and western continental margin, compression in the southern continental margin and eastern continental margin, and drifting in Nansha Block. SCS deep-wa- ter sedimentary basins are mainly distributed in a ring pattern on continental slope and Nansha Block, rarely in the eastern continen- tal margin. Basins on the western and northern margins have experienced rifting in the Eogene and depression as well as neoteetonic movement in the Neogene; Nansha Block has experienced rifting in the Eocene Early Oligocene, drifting in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene, and compression since Late Miocene; the southern margin has long been compressed since the Oligocene; and the eastern margin has been compressed since the Late Miocene, resulting in SCS closure and basin development in the subduction zone. In deep- water area （SCS）, source rocks are developed in many series of strata, including the Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligoeene, and Miocene strata; those of the Cretaceous-Eogene strata are mainly distributed in Nansha Block, and those of the Oligoeene-Miocene strata are on continental slope, showing an old-iwthe-center and young-in-the-periphery pattern. The major types of source rocks are marine-terrestrial transitional coal bed, carbonaceous mudstone, dark mudstone, and marine mudstone. The major basins are in a hot-super hot state and were even hotter in history, significantly favoring transformation of sedimentary organic matter to oil and gas. The major hydrocarbon-generating sags are distributed in a ＂C＂ pattern along the northern, western, anti southern continental margins and Nansha Block. There are more than ten sags developed with large a

关 键 词：深水区 边缘海构造旋回 沉积盆地 生烃凹陷 储层 勘探领域 中国南海 

分 类 号：TE111[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]