月球陨石:月球的物质组成及其演化历史的见证  

LUNAR METEORITES: WITNESSES TO THE MOON'S COMPOSITION AND EVOLUTION

作　　者：缪秉魁[1,2] 陈宏毅[1,2] 夏志鹏[1,2] 姚杰[1,2] 谢兰芳[1,2] 倪文俊[1,2] 张川统 

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西矿冶与环境科学实验中心,广西桂林541004 [2]广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《极地研究》2013年第4期315-328,共14页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41173077);国家自然资源平台建设项目(2005DKA21406-1);广西隐伏金属矿产勘查重点实验室主任基金项目(13-A-01-02)资助

摘　　要：月球陨石是遭受小行星撞击从月球飞溅出来并陨落到地球上的岩石,是研究月球物质成分和演化历史的重要对象。自1979年发现和确认了第一块月球陨石(ALHA 81005)之后,至今已收集到165块月球陨石。虽然Apollo计划和Luna计划采集了382 kg月球样品,但由于飞船登陆采样位置有限,月球陨石对了解月球的物质组成和演化历史提供了重要的样品补充。除了少量具有结晶结构的岩石类型以外,大部分月球陨石为碎屑岩,这些碎屑岩主要有三类:高地斜长质角砾岩、月海玄武质角砾岩和高地斜长质-月海玄武质混合角砾岩。根据岩性分析,尤其是岩屑,月球陨石中存在斜长岩、玄武岩、辉长岩、橄长岩、苏长岩、克里普(KREEP)岩。在月球陨石中逐渐发现了不少克里普岩组分,其中SaU169中VHK的富KREEP成分代表了月球中可能存在的原始富KREEP岩浆源,这为探索月球中克里普岩成因提供了重要信息。据研究,现已发现了6对溅射成对月球陨石,同时,还发现了9个可能的月球陨石来源区域。后成合晶现象的发现对月球表面冲击变质作用研究具有重要的意义。此外,月球陨石同位素年龄和稀有气体成分研究不但获得了月球岩石结晶和月壳形成过程的信息,同时也获得了月球表面的冲击变质历史信息。Lunar meteorites are rock samples from the Moon that have experienced a shock event resulting from impact by an asteroid that results in the ejection of the rock from the Moon ’ s surface and its landing on Earth .Since the first lunar meteorite （ ALHA 81005） was discovered and identified in 1979, a total of 165 lunar meteorites have been found.Additionally, the Apollo and Luna projects returned 382 kg of lunar samples; however, according to the collection sites are limited , lunar meteorites still provide important supplementary information on the composition and evolutionary history of the Moon .Except for a small amount of unbrecciated crystalline rocks , the majority of lunar meteorites are breccias that consist mainly of highland anorthositic breccias , mare basaltic breccias and min-gled breccias .Petrographic analyses of clasts within lunar meteorites show that they contain a wide variety of rocks including anorthosites , basalts, gabbros, troctolites, norites and KREEP rocks .More and more KREEP compo-nents are found in lunar meteorites .For example, the VHK KREEP clasts in meteorite SaU 169 may represent the urKREEP magma;such KREEP components provide important information on the origin of the KREEP .Research has identified six launching pairs and nine possible launching sites on the Moon .The discovery of the lunar sym-plectites also provides evidence for shock metamorphism on the lunar surface .Furthermore , the isotopic ages and the composition of noble gases not only provide important information on the process of crystallization of lunar rocks and the formation of lunar crust , but also give insight into the history of shock events on the lunar surface .

关 键 词：月球陨石 克里普岩 KREEP 溅射成对 溅射源区 

分 类 号：P185.83[天文地球—天文学]