环境管理的范式变迁:管理、参与式管理到治理  

The Paradigm Shift of the Research on Environmental Management: From “Management,” “Participatory Management” to “Governance”

作　　者：杨立华[1] 张云[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2013年第6期130-157,172-173,共28页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"PIA框架下科学技术对北方沙漠化治理制度变迁作用模型的实证研究"(71073008)和"基于复杂系统观的北方草原区多元协作性治理绩效评价及其改进对策研究"(71373016)

摘　　要：环境管理的范式经历了从管理到参与式管理,再到治理的变迁过程,该变迁以范式的渐进变迁和多模型的渐次发展为特征。传统环境管理主要聚焦于解决集体行动困境问题的政府和私有化模型;参与式管理开始重视地方知识的作用和公众参与环保的力量;环境治理则强调除政府和产权安排外的多元社会主体的作用,并进一步发展了自治、专家学者参与、民间组织(或非政府组织)参与、公民参与、企业参与等各种专门化治理模型和强调多个社会主体合作的多元协作或协同治理模型。在综合应用文献整合分析和历史分析法的基础上,论文梳理了国内外环境管理研究范式变迁的基本过程,分析了当前国际学术界环境治理研究的特点和我国的研究现状,进而探讨了当前治理研究范式存在的问题及其未来的发展方向。论文的工作有利于推进对环境管理研究的持续深入和研究范式的有意识转变和修正,同时为理论研究者和实际工作者提供一定的参考。A paradigm shift from management to governance has become increasingly significant in the study of environmental issues across the globe. This shift is characterized as an incremental change with multiple models developed successively. Conventional environmental management focuses mainly on Government Control and Privatization models, in addition to exploring various concrete technologies and management methods. Environmental governance, however, puts more emphasis onindividuals, households, communities, firms, experts and scholars, civil society, media,NGOs,and religious and international organizations in addition to government and property rights arrangements and has developed various specific governance models such as Self-Governance, Scholar Participation, NGOs' Participation, Citizen Participation and Firm Participation and a Collaborative Governance model. Within the context of this paradigm shift,the international study of environmental governance has recently launched a series of features such as co-existence of segmented and comprehensive, conventional and innovative, specialized and interdisciplinary, independent and synthesis,and theoretical and empirical studies and more emphasis on methodology and research methods. The study of environmental governance in China has also made great progress,even if it started relatively late. But because it still lags behind some developed countries,especially the United States,we must unceasingly endeavor to strengthen it.

关 键 词：环境治理 生态管理 参与式治理 协作治理 协同治理 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]