云南稻作区主要有害生物发生动态及其复合为害  

Dynamics and combined injuries of main pest species in rice cropping zones of Yunnan,Southwest China

作　　者：董坤[1,2] 董艳[3] 王海龙[4] 张立敏[1,5] 昝庆安[1] 陈斌[1] 李正跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室/农业生物多样性国家工程中心/植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学食品科技学院,昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [4]黑龙江农业经济职业学院农学院,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [5]云南农业大学基础与信息学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第1期201-210,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：云南省教育厅重点基金项目(2011Z037);云南省自然科学基金项目(2011FB051);国家自然科学基金项目(31360507;31060277;31160363);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB100404)资助

摘　　要：对云南不同稻作区286块水稻主栽品种稻田有害生物种类组成及其发生动态进行了系统调查,并结合文献资料讨论了云南水稻有害生物群落的演化趋势.结果表明:3种稻作区有害生物主要种类、发生动态及其复合为害特点差异显著,粳稻区叶鞘腐败病、白叶枯病、条纹叶枯病、叶蝉类、粘虫类、蛀茎类发生严重,籼粳交错区纹枯病、条纹叶枯病发生严重,籼稻区叶瘟病、纹枯病、稻纵卷叶螟、高于水稻冠层杂草发生严重;而稻曲病、稻飞虱和低于水稻冠层杂草在3种稻作区普遍存在且发生严重.杂草在水稻整个生长季节均有发生且种类较多,其中稗草、慈姑、眼子菜、紫背浮萍等在3种稻作区发生均较严重.粳稻区和籼稻区有害生物复合为害整体水平高于籼粳交错区.就云南水稻有害生物群落的演化而言,稻曲病、纹枯病和稻飞虱在各稻作区发生有进一步加重的趋势,杂草优势种类正在由以一年生杂草为主朝着以多年生恶性杂草为主的方向演化.A series of rice pest injuries （due to pathogens, insects, and weeds） were surveyed in 286 farmers＇ fields for major rice varieties of three rice cropping zones of Yunnan Province, South- west China. The composition and dynamics of main pest species were analyzed, and the trend of rice pest succession in Yunnan was discussed based upon landmark publications. The results showed that the three rice cropping zones had different pest characteristics as regard to main spe- cies, dynamics and combined injuries. Sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight, rice stripe, leaf＇ hoppers, armyworms and stem borers were serious in the japonica rice zone. Sheath blight and rice stripe were serious in the japonica-indica interlacing zone. Leaf blast, sheath blight, leaf folders and weeds above rice crop canopy were serious in the indica rice zone. False smut, plant hoppers and weeds below rice crop canopy were ubiquitous and serious in the three kinds of rice cropping zones. Many kinds of weed infestation emerged in the whole rice cropping seasons. Echinochloa crusgalli, Sagittaria pygmaea, Potamogeton distinctus and Spirodela polyrhiza were the main species of weeds in the rice cropping zones of Yunnan. Overall, levels of combined injuries due to pests in the japon-ica rice zone and the indica rice zone were higher than that in the japonica-indica interlacing zone. In terms of the trend of rice pest succession in Yunnan, injuries due to false smut, sheath blight and plant hoppers seemed to be in a worse tendency in all rice cropping zones of Yunnan, while dominants species of weeds in the paddy fields are shifting from the annual weeds to the perennial malignant weeds.

关 键 词：水稻有害生物 病 虫 草 发生动态 复合为害 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]