1956—2012年青海省兴海县鼠疫流行病学分析  

Epidemiological study of plague occurred between 1956 and 2012 in Xinghai County, Qinghai Province： a field investigation

作　　者：郑谊[1] 王国钧[1] 熊浩明[1] 魏绍振[1] 杨晓艳[1] 杨汉青[1] 吴海生[1] 金丽霞[1] 李亚楠[1] 仲秀英[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,西宁811602

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2014年第1期74-76,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：青海省科技厅应用基础研究项目（2011-Z-711）

摘　　要：目的分析1956—2012年青海省兴海县鼠疫流行病学特征，为制订防治对策提供科学依据。方法收集整理1956—2012年兴海县鼠疫自然疫源地调查和监测报告、疫情处理总结等资料，采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1956—2012年，兴海县从各类动物和媒介共检出鼠疫菌33株，其中以旱獭居多，共12株，占36．36％；动物疫情主要分布在兴海县子科滩镇，共检测出鼠疫菌27份，占81．82％（27／33）。期间共发生人间鼠疫3起，发病33例，死亡11例，病死率为33．33％；人间鼠疫的发病主要在子科滩镇，7—8月份多发；以肺型为主，主要与剥食旱獭、接触染疫牧狗、接触肺鼠疫病人有关。结论兴海县喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地仍处于动物鼠疫流行的活跃期，应加强该地区鼠疫监测和预警，减少人间鼠疫的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of plague occurred between 1956 and 2012 in Xinghai County of Qinhai Province, in order to provide a scientific.basis for formulating proper control measures. Methods Investigation and monitoring reports, work summaries of epidemic processing of natural loci of plague in Xinghai County between 1956 and 2012 were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology. Results Between 1956 and 2012, 33 Yersinia pestis strains were separated from various animals and other media in Xinghai County, among 12 cases were separated in Marmot Himalayan, accounted for 36.36%. The main loci was detected in Ziketan Town where a total of 27 cases were detected accounted for 81.82% （27/33）. During the past 57 years, human plague occurred 3 times, with 33 cases infected and among them 11 dead, the fatality rate was 33.33%. Human plague occurred mostly in Ziketan Town from July to August; most of the cases were pneumonic plague and infected by peeling and eating marmots, contacting with infected sheep dogs or patients. Conclusions Marmot Himalayan plague loci in Xinghai County is still in the active phase, monitoring and pre-waming should be strengthened, and various control measures should be properly implemented, in order to reduce the incidence of human plague.

关 键 词：鼠疫 流行病学 数据收集 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]