论药物知识产权与公共健康权的冲突与协调  

On Conflicts and Coordination between Pharmacy Intellectual Property and Rights to Public Health

作　　者：宋阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300071

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期93-100,共8页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：河北省软科学项目"自由贸易条件下的贸易安全问题"(13457690D)阶段性成果

摘　　要：知识产权作为一种私权利具有垄断性的特点,但是,这种垄断特性与知识和发明作为公共物品的属性是相互冲突的。在经济社会全球一体化的今天,最贫困国家人民的健康权作为一种基本人权,正在受到各种传染性疾病的威胁,并且已对全球公共健康造成巨大损害。这种情势的缓解需要对发达国家的制药寡头的知识产权垄断利益进行一定程度的限制,但是,这将与现有知识产权保护的单向棘轮运动趋势水火不容。国际社会需要通过利益协调的方法和手段对现有知识产权机制进行制度转换(regime shifting),并将一些承载有正当利益诉求的非正式规范纳入到知识产权制度体系之中,从而满足国际社会底层民众获取药物和健康的基本诉求。As a private right, intellectual property rights has the characteristics of monopoly, but this characteristics conflicts severely with the feature of knowledge and invention as public goods. During the globalization period, the right to health of the most impoverished people threatened by the infectious diseases, which has become a global issue. The solution of this problem relies on the restriction to the monopoly interest of drug oligarchs within a certain extent, and this requirement conflicts with the tendency of the one--way ratchet intellectual property protection. So we have to reform the regime of intellectual property by means of interest coordination and adopt some informal norms which bear the legitimate demands into the intellectual property system. Only in this way can the fulfillment of the basic needs for access to medicine of the unprivileged populace in the international society be expected.

关 键 词：药物知识产权 公共健康权 价值冲突 制度转换 利益协调 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]