水稻植质钵育秧盘蒸汽干燥装置研制及性能试验  

Development and performance experiment of steam drying device of seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw

作　　者：于海明[1] 汪春[1] 谢秋菊[2] 孙勇[3] 张伟[1] 胡军[1] 车刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学信息技术学院,大庆163319 [3]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第1期25-33,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化(2009GB2B200101);黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GZ11B503);黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK10A-09-05);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12531459);黑龙江省青年科学基金项目(QC2013C065);黑龙江省普通高等学校新世纪优秀人才培养计划项目(1155-NCET-012)

摘　　要：为了实现利用高温高压饱和蒸汽干燥水稻植质钵育秧盘,以保证秧盘的成盘率、秧盘的湿强度和秧盘的储存期,同时增加水稻秸秆的利用率,设计了以水稻秸秆制成的燃料棒为燃料的水稻植质钵育秧盘蒸汽干燥装置。该装置主要由干燥介质供给系统、蒸汽干燥器和控制系统组成。根据蒸汽干燥理论、干燥装置设计的技术要求、每次干燥秧盘的最大数量、秧盘在干燥车上的布置形式和秧盘在干燥器内的布置形式,确定干燥介质供给系统中的蒸汽锅炉额定蒸发量为0.5 t/h,额定工作温度为144℃;干燥器的尺寸为Φ2 400 mm×5 500 mm,壁厚10 mm,保温层的厚度为170 mm,最高承受压力为0.7 MPa。干燥装置性能试验结果表明:干燥器的密封性、保温性良好,秧盘的成盘率达到97%,秧盘干燥均匀,秧盘的含水率、干燥湿强度满足秧盘的储存及生产要求。该研究结果为后续生产应用提供参考。China is a large agricultural country with rich crop straw resources. The annual production of crop straw reached 840 million tons, of which rice straw production was over 211 million tons. A lot of rice straw is thrown away and burned, which not only causes great environmental pollution and affects farmers’ life quality, but also causes a great waste of resources. Therefore, it has a positive meaning for agricultural efficiency and rural incomes, ecological agriculture promotion and sustainable agricultural development to develop a reasonably efficient and clean use of crop straw, and turn waste into treasure. A seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw is a new type of rice seedling tray carrier, which is made of straw powder, water-soluble biological glue, fertilizer, and other soil nutrient medium. It is produced by mixing, pressing, and drying stereotypes. The drying stereotypes process is the key production. Its purpose is to mix well bonded straw powder, water-soluble biological glue, fertilizer, and other soil nutrient medium together to ensure the shaping rate wet strength and storage period of seedlings. The drying method and apparatus is a key factor for keeping these characteristics. The seedling tray drying method includes natural environmental ventilation drying, hot air drying, and steam drying. On an experimental basis, the three kinds of drying methods effects on the quality of seedling tray drying and the advantages of steam drying were considered in this paper. Then, the steam drying method was determined to be the major way of drying a seedling tray. To achieve the steam drying technology, the suitable drying apparatus is crucial. Therefore, the steam drying devices of a seedling tray fueled with rice straw rods was designed in this paper. The device consisted of a drying medium supply system, the steam dryer, and a control system. According to the steam drying theory, design requirements of drying apparatus, the maximum drying number of a seedling tray, the arrangement of a seedling tray in

关 键 词：干燥 蒸汽 装置 设计 试验 水稻植质钵育秧盘 

分 类 号：S226.6[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S223.11[农业科学—农业工程]