漫溢干扰对塔里木河河岸退化植被的影响  

Influences of Flooding on Degraded Riparian Vegetation along the Lower Tarim River

作　　者：傅荩仪[1,2] 徐海量[1] 赵新风[1] 白元[1,2] 王希义[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2014年第1期60-66,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171427;41101534;31370551)资助

摘　　要：在塔里木河下游选取中度退化区、重度退化区和极度退化区进行野外植被调查,通过对比分析漫溢样地与无漫溢样地的数据,初步探讨漫溢干扰对不同退化条件下河岸植被群落组成和多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)3个退化区的无漫溢样地均以乔(灌)木为主要生活型,其物种数分别占各自样地总物种数的62.5%、100%和75%。多年生草本为中度退化区和重度退化区漫溢样地的主要生活型,其物种数所占比例分别为37.5%和42.86%;而极度退化区漫溢样地仍以乔(灌)木的物种数占据最大比例,为样地总物种数的50%。(2)漫溢干扰使得3个退化区的群落组成由乔(灌)木占据优势转变为多年生草本和一年生草本占据优势。(3)与无漫溢条件相比,漫溢条件下中度退化区、重度退化区和极度退化区的Simpson指数分别增加了40.55%、66.24%和171.39%,Shannon-Wiener指数分别增加了42.75%、72.68%和197.6%,Margalef指数分别增加了105.98%、88.54%和120.88%。这表明极度退化区的多样性指数受漫溢影响增长比例最大。A study was carried out to investigate the effects of flooding on the riparian vegetation in moder- ately, severely and extremely degraded area along the Lower Tarim River, by analyzing the community structure and diversity of the riparian vegetation under different degradation degrees. The results showed that： （1） In the three degraded areas, the life forms in non-flooding sampling plots were trees and shrubs with the species percentages of 62.5 %, 100 % and 75 %, respectively. The plant life forms in flooding sam- pling plots in moderately and severely degraded areas were perennial herbs with the species percentages of 37.5 % and 42.86 %, and the life form in extremely degraded area was still tree and shrub after flooding with the species percentage of 50 %. （2） Impacted by flooding disturbance, the dominant species of the three degraded areas changed from trees and shrubs to perennial herbs and annual herbs. （3） Compared with the non-flooding sampling plots, the Simpson indices of the flooding ones in the three degraded areas in- creased by 40. 55 %, 66.24% and 171.39%, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener indices of the flooding ones in the three degraded areas increased by 42.75%, 72.68% and 197.6%, respectively. The Margalef indices of the flooding ones in three degraded areas increased by 105.98%, 88.54% and 120.88%, respectively. Therefore, the extremely degraded area had the most apparent increase of diversity indices impacted by flooding disturbance.

关 键 词：河岸植被 退化区 漫溢干扰 塔里木河 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]