孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)异地保护条件下的气候生物学特征与光合效率  

The Bioclimatology and Photosynthetic Characteristics for the ex-situ Conservation of the Endemic Relict Shrub Tetraena mongolica

作　　者：智颖飙[1,2] 杨持[3] 李红丽[4] 张荷亮[2] 华宇鹏[2] 赵凯[5] 路战远[6] 红鸽[2] 旺扎拉[2] 王强 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古大学鄂尔多斯学院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [3]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [4]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100872 [5]南京师范大学地理科学学院,江苏南京210023 [6]内蒙古农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [7]西鄂尔多斯国家级自然保护区管理局,内蒙古乌海016000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2014年第1期88-97,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2011MS0501);内蒙古科技创新引导基金项目(20121604);内蒙古产业创新人才团队基金项目(20120341);内蒙古人才开发基金项目(2011RC1228);国家自然科学基金项目(30160020)资助

摘　　要：为了廓清异地保护条件下孑遗濒危植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的气候生物学特征、光合生理生态适应性及生境适宜性,应用1971—2011年的地面气象资料进行了不同试验区的气候生物图解与分析,测定了四合木及其伴生种白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)的叶片气体交换参数及光合效率。结果表明:①四合木自然分布区(内蒙古乌海地区)与异地保护区的气候生物学特征存在明显分异;②当年种植的四合木实生苗的生长量大小依次为:乌海四合木核心区实生苗>鄂尔多斯实生苗>阿拉善实生苗;③自然条件下,5个处理的净光合速率(Pn)依次为阿拉善移植的四合木成株(24.05±1.68μmol·m-2·s-1)>乌海客土栽培的四合木(19.97±1.05μmol·m-2·s-1)>乌海栽培的四合木实生苗(18.96±1.04μmol·m-2·s-1)>鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗(16.64±0.92μmol·m-2·s-1)>阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗(16.48±0.13μmol·m-2·s-1);异地保护试验区栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn没有明显差异(p≥0.05),即原生境条件下栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn较高。同时,异地保护栽培四合木实生苗中,鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn>阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗。从四合木光合作用特征中的Pn、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度、气候生物学特征和生长量等综合研究结果可以推断,从原生境区东移的实生苗迁地保护,使四合木具有更高的生理生态适宜性和环境适应性。In order to clarify the bioclimatology characteristics, the photosynthesis physiological and ecologi- cal adaptability and the habitat suitability of endangered relict plant Tetraena Mongolica under the ex-situ conservation, bioclimatology in various experimental zones is illustrated and analyzed by applying ground meteorological data from 1971 to 2011. Meanwhile, leaf gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic effi- ciency of T. Mongolica and Nitraria tangutorum are measured by means of LI-6400 photosynthesis sys- tem. The results showed that： （1） there exist obvious differences in the bioclimatology characteristics be- tween the natural distribution area （Wuhai, Inner Mongolia） of T. Mongolica and the ex-situ conservation zones; （2） then planted T. Mongolica seedling growth followed the order of Wuhai T. Mongolica core area seedlings〉the Ordos＇s T. Mongolica seedlings〉Alxa T. Mongolica seedlings; （3） Under natural condi- tions, five processed photosynthetic rates follow the pattern of Alax＇s transplanted T. Mongolica seedings （ 24.05± 1.68μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ）Wuhai＇s exotic soil cultivation T. Mongolica （ 19.97± 1.05 μmol·m^-2·s^-1） ~Wuhai＇s T. Mongolica cultivated seedlings （ 18. 96 ±1.04μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ） ~Ordos＇s T. Mongolica culti- vated seedlings （16. 644-0. 92 μmol·m^-2·s^-1）~Alax＇ s T. Mongolica seedling cultivation（16. 48±0. 13μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ）, however, there are no significant difference to the photosynthetic rate of the T. Mongoli- ca culticated in tested areas of the ex-situ conservation（p〈0.05）. That is to say, under in-situ condi- tions, the photosynthetic rate of cultivated T. Mongolica seedlings is higher. Meanwhile, among the culti- vated T. Mongolica seedlings in ex-situ conservation, photosynthetic rate of Ordos＇ s cultivated T. Mongol- ica seedlings is higher than Alax＇ s cultivated T. Mongolica seedling. Drawing from photosynthetic charac- teristics of T. Mongolica just where photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate,

关 键 词：四合木(Tetraena mongolica) 孑遗植物 光合效率 气候生物学 异地保护 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]