山东省蔬菜产区日光温室从业者健康状况及环境分析  

Health Status of Solar Greenhouse Workers and Indoor Ambient in Vegetable Production Areas of Shandong Province

作　　者：张敏[1] 王秀峰[2] 崔秀敏[1] 王建[1] 于世欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东271018 [2]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东271018

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2014年第1期7-11,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家农业部现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(编号:CARS-25-D);泰安市科技发展计划(编号:32606)

摘　　要：[目的]了解山东省日光温室生产环境状况及其对从业人员健康的影响。[方法]采用统一调查表,走访山东省5个主要蔬菜产区,以1 171名不同性别、工龄的从业人员为访问对象(接触组),并以850名性别、年龄齐同非从事蔬菜温室种植业的农民为对照,进行健康状况调查。同时,在寿光市蔬菜产区随机抽取3栋日光温室测定温度、相对湿度及氨(NH3)、氯(Cl2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度,并以室外作为对照。[结果]接触组中除74人有既往病史外,其余调查对象的自诉症状阳性率为59.3%(650/1 097),对照组为28.7%(244/850)。骨关节痛阳性率随温室从业年限的延长有上升的趋势;日工作时间越长,温室从业人员骨关节痛比例越高;不同施肥方式的温室从业人员自诉症状阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.09,P<0.05)。温室内外温差为(12.8±4.09)℃,平均温度为(24.2±9.73)℃,平均相对湿度为(79.2±18.87)%,NH3、Cl2、PM10的平均浓度分别为(0.61±0.42)、(1.61±0.49)、(0.16±0.03)mg/m3,超标率分别为84%、100%、81%。[结论]温室内温度和湿度较高,NH3、Cl2、PM10浓度超过国家室内标准,日光温室生产环境影响长期从业人员的健康,应当引起人们的重视。[Objective] To examine indoor ambient in solar greenhouses （SGH） in Shandong and related impacts on the health of greenhouse workers. [Methods] This study interviewed 1 171 farmers engaged in SGH work from 5 main vegetable production regions in Shandong province and 850 farmers without SGH vegetable production as controls （matched by age and gender） using questionnaires. Three greenhouses in Shouguang city were chosen randomly to detect the indoor temperature and relative humidity, as well as concentrations of NH3, Cl2, and PM10. [Results] Seventy-four subjects in the exposed group had past medical history. The positive rats of self-reported symptoms of the exposed and control groups were 59.3% （650/1 097） and 28.7% （244/850）. The prevalence of bone and joint pain was elevated with greenhouse working years and day work time. There was a significant difference in positive rates of selected symptoms among SGH workers using various fertilizer application procedures （χ2=29.09, P 〈 0.05）. For the selected greenhouses in Shouguang city, the indoor and outdoor temperature difference was （12.8±4.09）℃; the average indoor temperature was （24.2±9.73）℃; the average relative humidity was （79.2±18.87）%; the indoor concentrations of NH3, Cl2 and PM10 were （0.61±0.42）mg/m3, （1.61±0.49）mg/m3, and （0.16±0.03）mg/m3, respectively, and the corresponding unqualified rates were 84%, 100%, and 81%, respectively. [Conclusion] Relative high temperature and humidity are found in the indoor ambient of the SGHs investigated. Moreover, the indoor concentrations of NH3, Cl2, and PM10 are higher than relevant national standards. Therefore, the negative long-term health impact of SGH ambient among greenhouse workers should be of concern.

关 键 词：蔬菜产区 日光温室 环境分析 温室从业者 健康状况 

分 类 号：R139[医药卫生—劳动卫生]