设施土壤栽培番茄配方施肥策略与指标研究  

Studies on Fertilization Strategy and Related Indexes for Tomato Facility Soil Cultivation

作　　者：高杰云 王丽英[1,2] 严正娟[1] 贾伟[1] 陈清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2014年第1期7-12,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市果类蔬菜创新团队项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)

摘　　要：设施蔬菜种植茬口多,生育期和产量水平变异大,其高收益特征造成设施栽培过量施肥问题十分普遍,往往导致设施菜田土壤养分累积、土壤酸化和次生盐渍化,而频繁灌溉追肥的特点导致根层土壤有效氮变化十分剧烈,不宜在生育期内采用测土方法进行推荐施肥。本文以北方设施番茄为例,针对其施肥投入特点及作物养分吸收特征,基于已有试验和文献资料数据,提出了北方设施土壤栽培番茄配方施肥策略。主要包括:根据不同茬口番茄的目标产量确定氮磷钾养分需求总量;在控制有机肥投入数量的基础上,结合土壤养分供应分级,确定氮磷钾追肥养分数量;参考作物养分吸收和阶段需求比例,选择番茄生育期阶段追肥配方,并配合灌溉制度制定整个生育期的肥料分配方案。通过在京郊多点应用结果表明,该施肥策略与传统施肥技术相比,平均节肥(以N、P2O5、K2O计)幅度分别为42.7%、59.1%、41.5%;平均节水幅度为21.0%;平均增产幅度为13.4%。Due to diverse facility vegetable planting seasons, growth periods and yield levels, its high income character has resulted in excessive fertilization in facility cultivation, which has led to soil nutrient over accumulaion, soil acidification, and secondary salinization.Very high ariation of soil available nitrogen content in rootzone limited the use of soil mineral nitrogen testing and nitrogen recommendation during the whole growing period.Taking greenhouse tomato（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） in northern China as an example and based on the data from our experiments and published literatures, this paper provides strategy of specific formula for fertilization in soil-bound greenhouse tomato, according to fertilization and nutrient uptake characteristics, including determining the total nutrient requirements of different seasons’ tomato by target yield; determining the chemical fertilizers （N, Pand K） quantities based on optimum rate of organic manure and soil nutrient levels; selecting special fertilizer formulas for tomato in different growth periods based on the characteristics of nutrient uptake and fertilization schedule in the whole growth period of tomato, which was matched into irrigation schedule.The two-year demonstration results of the recommended strategy and related index in Beijing suburbs showed that the inputs of N, P2O and K2O fertilizer, and water were saved by 42.7%, 59.1%, 41.5% and 21.0%, respectively as compared with the conventional practices, while the tomato yields increased by 13.4% on average with recommended fertilization strategies.

关 键 词：设施番茄 测土施肥 有机肥 追肥配方 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]