梨黑斑病菌拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及其拮抗活性的研究  

Selection and identification of antagonist Alternaria alternate and initial analysis of its antipathogenic activity

作　　者：杨晓蕾[1] 钱国良[1] 范加勤[1] 胡白石[1] 刘凤权[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院/农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2014年第1期68-74,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(nycytx-29-09);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203034);农业部948项目(2010-C18)

摘　　要：从江苏句容酥梨黑斑病病叶上分离得到1株对梨黑斑病菌有明显抑制作用的拮抗细菌,代号JR-C,经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。胞外酶检测显示:该菌产生蛋白酶和纤维素酶,不产生几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。此外,该菌的代谢产物粗提物可抑制梨黑斑病菌菌丝的正常生长。代谢产物粗提物处理后的梨黑斑病菌菌丝愈发致密、短粗,分支也明显减少。室内测定该菌对梨轮纹病菌、梨腐烂病菌、梨炭疽病菌和稻瘟病菌等多种病原真菌均具有较好的拮抗作用。梨黑斑病主要是叶部病害,而拮抗细菌JR-C菌株从梨树叶片上分离获得,拮抗活性高,拮抗谱广,这为后续利用该菌研制生防菌剂防治梨黑斑病及其他作物病害提供了技术支撑。Strain JR-C was isolated and purified from the leaf sample of pear trees in Jurong, Jiangsu Province, which has obvious inhibition effect on Alternaria alternate. It is identified as Bacillus subtilis. Extracellular enzyme activity detection showed that the strain can produce proteinase and cellulase, but no chitinase or 6-1,3-glucanase. Furthermore, the metabolite of this bacteria can inhibit the normal growth of A. alternate. When treated with metabolite of the strain, the hypha of A. alternate changes into tighter, tubbier and with less branches. Tested by dual culture, strain JR-C displays a wide range of antagonistic spectrum which shows obvious inhibition to the pathogens of common fungal diseases on crops and horticulture plants. Pear black spot is a kind of leaf diseases, and the strain has a higher anti-pathogenic activity and a wide antagonistic spectrum,which could be used as a bio-control technology support to treat pear black spot and other crop diseases. Besides, as a useful addition to chemical pesticides, we can reduce chemical pollution.

关 键 词：梨黑斑病菌 枯草芽孢杆菌 胞外酶 代谢产物粗提物 拮抗谱 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]