住院患者医院感染现患率调查  

Prevalence rate of hospital-acquired infections in hospitalized patients

作　　者：尤月娟[1] 彭旭华[1] 石继巧[1] 丁百全[1] 高云华[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学齐鲁儿童医院药剂科,山东济南251000 [2]军事医学科学院卫生勤务与医学情报研究所情报室,北京100850

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第2期364-366,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的掌握医院住院患者医院感染和社区感染的实际情况,为提高医院感染管理和社区感染防治工作提供科学依据。方法调查2012年5月8日603例住院患者临床资料,包括出院、转科、死亡的患者,不包括新入院患者;调查人员由医院感染控制专职人员和各病区主治及以上医师组成,调查前统一培训,采取查阅病历和床旁调查相结合的方法,按要求填写个案和床旁调查表,按照标准区分医院感染和社区感染,医院感染网录入数据后进行数据统计。结果医院感染现患率为1.3%,社区感染现患率为61.9%;医院感染和社区感染的感染部位均以下呼吸道为主,分别占37.5%和64.5%;检出病原体医院感染以革兰阴性菌为主,社区感染以病毒感染为主;全院抗菌药物使用率为66.0%,下降幅度较为明显。结论该次调查资料准确,基本反映了医院医院感染和社区感染的实际情况,也暴露出一些问题,医院应加强医院感染预防控制措施及目标性检测,继续规范各类抗菌药物的使用。OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence rates of the hospital-acquired and community-acquired infec- tions in the hospitalized patients so as to provide scientific basis for the control of the hospital-acquired and commu- nity-acquired infections. METHODS The clinical data of 603 patients who were hospitalized on May 8,2012 were investigated, the subjects included the discharged cases, the cases transferred to another department, and dead ca- ses, while the newly admitted cases were excluded; the investigation personnel consisted of the dedicated staff for infection control, the chiefs, and doctors; the unified training was conducted, the review of medical records com- bined with bedside investigation was employed, the case investigation tables and the bedside investigation tables were filled out, the standards were referred to distinguish the hospital-acquired infections from the community-ac- quired infections, and the data were entered to perform statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence rate of the hospital-acquired infections was 1.3 %, the community-acquired infections 61.9 %. Among the cases of hospital-ac- quired infections, the cases of lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 37.5 % ; among the cases of commu- nity-acquired infections, the cases of lower respiratory tract infections accounted for 64.5%. The gram-negative bacteria were dominant among the isolated pathogens causing the hospital-acquired infections, while the viruses were the predominant pathogens causing the community-acquired infections. The utilization rate of antibiotics in the whole hospital was 66.0%, showing a significant decrease. CONCLUSION The survey of the clinical data is accu- rate and basically reflects the prevalence of the hospital-acquired infections and the community-acquired infections as well as reveals a number of problems; it is necessary for the hospital to strengthen the prevention and control of nosocomial infections and the targeted monitoring and to maintain the reasonable use of antibiotics.

关 键 词：医院感染 社区感染 现患率 调查 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]