喀纳斯景区山地草甸土壤理化性质与植物多样性━生产力关系  

Relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and plant diversity━productivity of upland meadow in Kanas Scenic Area

作　　者：郑伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2013年第12期1933-1943,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2011211B16)

摘　　要：利用距离取样法对新疆喀纳斯景区山地草甸群落在不同旅游地段的植物多样性、生产力及土壤理化性质进行调查,通过相关分析及曲线拟合分析研究物种、功能群及群落3个尺度植物多样性-生产力与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,距离旅游景点越近的地段,属、种的数量显著减少;伴人植物逐渐成为群落优势种,而山地草甸原有的优势种逐渐变为伴生种甚至消失;多年生莎草、多年生豆科植物和多年生根茎禾草受到抑制,而一、二年生草本则受益;物种、功能群和群落多样性及其生产力均降低,群落结构简化,群落稳定性降低。随着植物多样性尺度的扩大,旅游干扰的效应有所减缓。土壤含水量、有机质高,土壤容重、紧实度与土壤速效钾含量低,而土壤碱解氮与有效磷含量适中,会使3个尺度的植物多样性及生产力提高。反之,则会使山地草甸原有的优势种及功能群生长受到抑制,而有利于伴人植物生长,并使群落生物量与草地品质下降。因此,外界的旅游干扰因素和土壤因素均可影响物种、功能群及群落3个尺度的植物多样性分布格局及生产力水平。Plant diversity, productivity, soil physical and chemical properties were examined using the dif- ferent distance quadrats along tourism activities gradients in upland meadow of Kanas Scenic Area. The relationships among soil physical and chemical properties, diversity indexes and biomass of species, func- tional group and community were analyzed by partial correlation and curve estimation analysis. The results showed that the number of genera and species significantly decreased if close to tourist attractions. And the androphile gradually became dominant species of upland meadow, but the original dominant species gradu- ally became companion species or disappeared. The development of perennial sedges, legumes and rhizome grasses were restrained and annuals and biennials developed rapidly with increasing tourism activities. And the diversity indexes and biomass of species, functional group and community gradually decreased. The changes of community composition and productivity resulted in the simplicity of community structure and community function. The effect of tourism activities may be reduced with the increasing of plant diversity scale. In the 0--30 em layers of soils containing high contents of soil water and organic matter, medium levels of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus, with decreases in soil bulk density, soil compaction and available potassium, the plant diversity and productivity of the three scales all increased. If the changes of soil properties would be converse, the development of original dominant spe- cies and functional groups was restrained and annuals and biennials developed rapidly while community bio- mass and quality decreased. Therefore, the factors of tourism and soil properties all affected distribution pattern of plant diversity and levels of productivity.

关 键 词：物种多样性 功能群多样性 群落多样性 生产力 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学] Q948.15[农业科学—畜牧学]