黄河源鄂陵湖地区辐射收支和地表能量平衡特征研究  

A Study of the Radiation and Surface Energy Balance Around the Ngoring Lake in Source Regions of the Yellow River

作　　者：唐恬[1] 王磊[1] 文小航[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程学院大气科学学院/高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,四川成都610225 [2]北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院,北京100875 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第6期1462-1473,共12页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41275033);四川省教育厅2011年科研项目(11ZZ014);寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室开放基金(LPCC201101)资助

摘　　要：利用2010年6-7月鄂陵湖野外试验的近地层观测数据,分析了在不同天气条件下黄河源鄂陵湖地区辐射分量、地表能量分量、土壤温度和反照率的变化特征.结果表明:不同天气条件下,辐射和地表能量各分量日变化差异较大,晴天、阴天和雨天的地表反照率依次递减,平均反照率约为0.21;观测期内,平均辐射贡献从大到小依次为向上长波、向下长波、向下短波、向上短波,日积分值分别为31.4MJ·m-2、25.6MJ·m-2、22.4MJ·m-2、4.2MJ·m-2,净辐射(12.5MJ·m-2)占向下短波辐射的55.7%;平均地表能量和土壤温度的变化幅度较晴天小,感热、潜热、0cm土壤热通量的平均日积分值分别占净辐射的21.2%、43.1%、8.2%;平均土壤温度变化幅度随深度增加逐渐减小,浅层土壤温度峰值较晴天低2℃,深层土壤温度相差不大.云和降水的扰动削弱了向下短波辐射,导致平均感热通量和0cm土壤热通量的峰值比晴天小,而平均潜热通量的峰值大于晴天.由于湖泊水体巨大的热容量和水分供应,鄂陵湖地区的气温日较差较小,地表温度变化幅度变小,附近地表温度升高缓慢.鄂陵湖区的地表能量平衡中,潜热通量占主导,感热和地表土壤热通量次之.研究结果有助于理解气候变化背景下黄河源区湖泊的能量水分循环过程,为促进该地区光热资源的合理利用和畜牧业的可持续发展提供数据支持.Field observation was made around the Ngoring Lake in source regions of Yellow River during the period from June to July,2010.The variations of radiation components,surface energy components,soil temperature and surface albedo under different weather conditions were analyzed in this paper.The results show that there are great differences of radiation and surface energy components variations between various weather conditions.The value of surface albedo decreases in sequence of sunny,overcast and rainy day.The averaged value of albedo during the observation period is about 0.21.The contribution to the radiation follows the order：upward longwave downward longwave downward shortwave and upward shortwave radiation.Their averaged daily integral value is 31.4 MJ·m-2,25.6 MJ·m-2,22.4 MJ·m-2 and 4.2MJ·m-2,respectively.The net radiation is 12.5 MJ·m-2,which is accounting for about 55.7% of the shortwave radiation.The average daily integral values of the sensible heat, latent heat and 0-cm soil heat fluxes make up 21.2%,43.1%and 8.2% of net radiation fluxes. Variation range of soil temperature decreases with depth.The averaged peak value of upper layer soil temperature is about 2℃lower than that in sunny day,but there are no remarkable differences at deeper soil layers.The cloud and precipitation has large disturbance,resulting in the downward shortwave radiation weaken,the peak value of averaged sensible heat fluxes and 0-cm soil heat fluxes smaller than that in the sunny days,and the peak value of the averaged latent heat flux greater than that in sunny day.Because of huge thermal capacity of water and the water supply,the diurnal range of temperature is small around the lake,the change of surface temperature is also smaller,and the land surface temperature rises slowly too.So the latent heat flux is dominant component in the process of surface energy balance,the sensible heat flux take second place,and ground heat flux take third place.This study is helpful for understanding the water energy cycle under the bac

关 键 词：黄河源区 鄂陵湖 辐射收支 地表能量平衡 土壤温度 

分 类 号：P422.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]