祁连山葫芦沟流域高山寒漠带非冻结期水文特征  

Hydrological Characteristics in Non-Freezing Period at the Alpine Desert Zone of Hulugou Watershed,Qilian Mountains

作　　者：韩春坛[1] 陈仁升[1] 刘俊峰[1] 阳勇[1] 刘章文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态一水文试验研究站/内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第6期1536-1544,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLCS-OP-2013-04);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CBA01806);国家自然科学基金项目(91025011;41222001;91125013)资助

摘　　要：高山寒漠带是我国内陆河山区和我国多数大江、大河源头的主产流区之一.由于缺乏系统观测数据及相关研究的支撑,当前国内外研究较为匮乏,高山寒漠带水文循环过程机理尚不清楚.通过在黑河上游葫芦沟流域高山寒漠带试验点布设水文循环观测试验,分析了典型高山寒漠带非冻结期水文特征.结果表明:高山寒漠试验点观测期(2009年6月7日-9月30日)的降水量为541.4mm;蒸发皿的蒸发量为256.9mm,桶式微型蒸渗仪(Micro-Lysimeter)的蒸发量为122.8mm,平均蒸发量为1.1mm·d-1.根据观测,高山寒漠带凝结水量也比较丰富,凝结水虽然没有直接参与高寒山区水文循环的产汇流过程,但它消耗了能量,抵消了部分太阳辐射,间接地参与了产汇流过程.高山寒漠带小流域在观测期的平均径流深为461.2mm.根据降水梯度获取的流域平均降水量为639.1mm,径流系数为0.72.Alpine desert is the mainly runoff yield regions and headwater regions for most large river and inland river basins in China.However,due to lack of observation data and theoretical basis, there are few researches focusing on the hydrological process of alpine desert at home and abroad.In this paper,water cycle observation and experiment were done to analyze the hydrological characteristics in the alpine desert zone of Hulugou watershed in non-freezing period.Observations show that：（1）during the experimental period（2009.6.79.30）,precipitation was 541.4mm at the experimental site,pan evaporation was 256.9mm,Micro-Lysimeter evaporation was 122.8mm,mean evaporation was 1.1 mm·d-1;（2）based on the experimental observation,condensation water was relatively abundant in the alpine desert zone.Although condensation water do not directly involve in the hydrological cycle of mountain runoff generation and confluence process,it consumed energy, offset part of solar radiation,indirectly involved in the runoff generation and confluence process;（3） runoff depth of the small watershed was 461.2mm.Using elevation precipitation gradient, it was obtained that the average precipitation of the alpine desert watershed was 639.1 mm,with a runoff coefficient of 0.72.

关 键 词：高山寒漠带 水文循环 蒸发 凝结水 径流系数 

分 类 号：P332[天文地球—水文科学]