植物杀螺剂“螺威”高原山区灭螺效果  

Effect of a novel plant molluscicide“Luo-wei”against Oncomelania hupensis in plateau mountain areas

作　　者：黄宁波 李炳桂 李文豹 冯锡光 熊孟韬 李亮 母亮先 田淑惠 李萍 宋志忠 贾铁武[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治研究所,大理671000 [2]云南省鹤庆县血吸虫病防治站 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,世界卫生组织疟疾,血吸虫病和丝虫病合作中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2013年第6期590-593,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAI78B07)

摘　　要：目的评价植物杀螺剂4%螺威粉剂(TDS)在云南高原山区的灭螺效果。方法在云南省鹤庆县选择沟渠和草地,采用2.5 g/m3和5 g/m2TDS开展浸杀和喷洒试验,同时以50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂(WPN)作为对照,比较两组不同环境、时间的杀螺效果。结果浸杀后24、48、72 h,TDS组钉螺死亡率分别为70.67%、87.33%、98.67%,WPN组分别为77.33%、96.67%、100.00%,浸杀后24、72 h钉螺死亡率差异均无统计学意义(χ224 h=1.73,χ272 h=2.01,P均>0.05);浸杀后7 d,TDS组活螺框出现率和钉螺死亡率分别为20.00%和93.08%,WPN组分别为13.33%和95.76%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(χ2出现率=2.27,χ2死亡率=0.94,P均>0.05)。喷洒灭螺后1、3、7、15 d,随时间延长两组活螺框出现率和活螺平均密度均逐渐下降,钉螺死亡率逐渐增高,但各指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);喷洒后15 d,TDS组活螺框出现率和校正钉螺死亡率分别为15.00%和87.39%,WPN组分别为16.67%和89.32%。结论TDS在云南高原山区现场灭螺效果良好,值得进一步推广应用。Objective To evaluate the effect of a novel plant molluscicide,4%＂Luo-wei＂（Tea-seed distilled saponins, TDS）against Oncomelania hupensis snails in plateau mountain areas in Yunnan Province. Methods The immersing and spraying experiments were carried out in the ditches and grassland of Xiaolian Administrative Village in Heqing County,Yunnan Province, to assess the molluscicidal effect of 4% TDS comparing with 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt（WPN）in different environments and time. Results After immersion for 24,48 h and 72 h,the snail death rates were 70.67%,87.33% and 98.67% in the TDS group,whereas being 77.33%,96.67% and 100.00% in the WPN group,respectively. The differences of the death rates between the two groups 24 h and 72 h after immersing were not statistically significant（ χ 2 24 h =1.73, χ 2 72 h =2.01, both P values 0.05）. Seven days after the immersing experiments,the occurrence rate of frames with living snails and the death rate of snails were 20.00% and 93.03% in the TDS group,while those were 13.33% and 95.76% in the WPN group,and there were no significant differences of the 2 indexes between the 2 groups（ χ 2 Occurrence rate =2.27, χ 2 Death rate =0.94,all P values 0.05）. After spraying for 1,3,7 d and 15 d,in both groups,the occurrence rates of frames with living snails and the average densities of living snails gradually declined,while the death rates of snails gradually increased with the extension of time. There were no statistically significant differences of the above 3 indexes between the 2 groups（all P values 0.05）. Fifteen days after the spraying experiment,the occurrence rate of frames with living snails and the adjusted death rate of snails were15.00% and 87.39% in the TDS group and those were16.67% and 89.32% in the WPN group,respectively. Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of TDS is satisfying in plateau mountain areas,and the molluscicide is worthy of further extension and application.

关 键 词：钉螺 4%螺威粉剂 氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐 灭螺效果 高原山区 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]