大熊猫地史分布变迁初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on Geohistoric Distributions of Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

作　　者：张明[1] 袁施彬[1] 张泽钧[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第4期323-330,共8页Journal of China West Normal University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270570);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-11-1060);国家林业局大熊猫国际合作基金项目(四川2010-01)

摘　　要：作者从化石记录和分子生物学研究等方面介绍了大熊猫的系统演化历程及不同时期的地理分布情况.从出土的化石材料可以看出,大熊猫在地质历史上曾广泛分布于我国长江、黄河及珠江三大流域,包括了从北京周口店至两广以致东南亚一带的广大地区.更新世中、晚期是大熊猫家族演化进程中最繁盛的时期,至晚更新世末期开始转向衰落.在地史分布变迁上,自始熊猫出现以来其分布范围经历了向东、南及北方扩张的过程,而自更新世末期以来则从北、东、南三方向西退缩,现仅残存于四川盆地向青藏高原过渡的高山峡谷地带.大熊猫家族地史分布范围的变化可能既受物种自身生物学特性的影响,同时也与环境的变化息息相关.然而,不同地质历史时期影响大熊猫家族地史分布变迁的主要因素可能并不相同.气候变化和青藏高原的隆起可能是影响更新世大熊猫种群分布的主要环境因素,而自全新世以来,人类活动极大地塑造了大熊猫的空间分布格局.Based on fossil records and recent and geohistoric distributions of giant pandas advances in molecular biology, we summarized systematic evolution The unearthed fossils indicated that giant pandas were ever distributed over an extensive range from Zhoukoudian, Beijing to Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, even into Thailand, Viet- nam, Laos and Burma. Giant pandas became the most prosperous in the middle-late Pleistocene, but begun to de- cline since the end of Pleistocene. Ailurarctos emerged in Yunnan about eight million years ago, and then dispersed eastward, southward and northward. However, giant pandas begun to retreat since late Pleistocene, and their habi- tats in the north, south and east have disappeared and now confined to the transitional area from Sichuan Basin to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Before Holocene, changing climate and uplift of Qinghai-Tibet plateau perhaps are the ma- jor factors affecting giant panda population and their distribution. But after that, human activities gradually became the primary, driving force from the outside.

关 键 词：大熊猫 化石 系统演化 分布 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]