广西急性中毒毒物特点与防控对策分析  

Characteristics of Poisons and the Preventive Measures of Acute Poisoning in Guangxi

作　　者：张振明 蒋东方 胡德宏 

机构地区：[1]广西职业病防治研究院,广西南宁市530021

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2013年第35期4213-4216,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生厅重点项目(重200932)

摘　　要：目的调查广西急性中毒毒物特点,探讨急性中毒的防控对策。方法回顾性分析2007—2011年广西11个市63家医院急性中毒患者的中毒资料,将毒物分为:医药类、农药类、化学类、动物类、植物类及其他类共6类,分别按照中毒区域、中毒时间、中毒年份及中毒原因进行分组,分析各组毒物的特点。结果共查阅出532种毒物,其中以医药类与农药类的毒物数最多,分别占总毒物数的40.8%(217种)和27.8%(148种)。按中毒区域分组毒物分析:城镇中毒组以医药类毒物构成比最高(92种,占53.5%)、农村中毒组以农药类毒物构成比最高(98种,占51.0%)、城乡中毒组以医药类毒物构成比最高(69种,占41.1%)。按中毒时间分组毒物分析:1年中毒组与间断中毒组均以医药类毒物构成比最高(分别为132、76种,各占41.3%、48.1%)、常年中毒组以农药类毒物构成比最高(25种,占48.1%)。按中毒年份分组毒物分析:医药类、农药类、化学类、动物类、植物类、其他类毒物的年平均增长速度分别为10.4%、12.1%、13.3%、15.8%、17.2%、10.0%。按中毒原因分组毒物数分析:意外、误食与自杀3个原因组的总毒物数最多(分别为200、262、201种),共占总毒物数的78.3%;其中意外原因组以农药类(56种,占28.0%)、误食原因组以医药类(104种,占39.7%)、自杀原因组以农药类111种(占55.2%)为最多。结论广西急性中毒毒物中以医药类与农药类最多,农村与城镇中毒毒物种类有差异;各类毒物引起中毒的主要原因为误食、意外与自杀;各年毒物数具有动态变化规律。在急性中毒防控工作中,应加强重点监控措施;针对主要中毒种类和原因采取多方式宣教措施,增强人群防毒意识,提高防毒技能。Objective To investigate the characteristics of poisons and the preventive and control measures of acute poisoning in Guangxi. Methods All cases of acute poisoning treated in 63 hospitals of 11 cities in Guangxi province from 2007 to 2011 years were retrospectively reviewed and 532 kinds of poisons were collected. The poisons were divided into 6 categories including medicine, pesticides, chemical, animal, plant and other, and each category was grouped by 4 kinds of innovative ways including the geographic regions, the time, and the reasons of acute poisoning. Then the numbers of poisons and their con- stituent ratios among various categories and groups were compared using descriptive analyses. Results Among all 532 kinds of poisons, medicine （217 kinds, 40. 8% ） and pesticides （148 kinds, 27.8% ） were the most poisons. The constituent ratio of medicine was highest in the urban group （92/t72, 53.5% ）, the constituent ratio of pesticides was highest in the rural group （98/192, 51.0% ）, while the constituent ratio of medicine was highest in the urban -rural group （69/168, 41.1% ）. In the groups of 1 -year and intermittent poisoning, medicine were the most poisons （ 132/320, 76/158 ）, while pesticides were the most in the group of perennial poisoning （25 kinds, 48.1% ）. The annual average increasing rates of the numbers of medicine, pesticides, chemical, animal, plant and others category causing acute poisoning were 10.4%, 12. 1%, 13.3%, 15.8%, 17.2% , and 10.0% , respectively. Among all groups with different poisoning causes, the total numbers of poisons were higher in the groups of accident, eaten by accident and suicide （200, 262 and 201 kinds）, together accounting for 78.3% of the total number of poisons; pesticides were the main poisons in accident group （56 kinds, 28.0% ）, medicine were the main poisons in eaten by accident group （ 104 kinds, 39.7% ） , and pesticides were the main poisons in suicide group （ 111 kinds, 55.2% ）.Conclusion The medicine and pesticides are

关 键 词：中毒 毒物 数据收集 广西 

分 类 号：R991[医药卫生—毒理学]