北京山区果园水平阶整地措施的水土保持效益  

Preliminary studies on soil conservation benefit of narrow terraces in Beijing hillslope orchard

作　　者：肖雨琳 魏欣[1] 刘宝元[1] 姜洪涛[1] 郭乾坤[1] 赵玉明[1] 王大安[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2013年第6期81-86,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：教育部中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：坡地果树产业已成为北京山区市县农业的重要组成部分。坡地果园坡度大,地表覆盖低,土壤侵蚀严重。水平阶整地是北京山区坡地果园的重要水土保持措施之一,定量测算坡地果园土壤侵蚀速率和水平阶整地措施的水土保持效益对于实现资源环境和经济的可持续协调发展具有重要的实际意义。分别采集北京山区无措施(昌平)和水平阶整地措施(密云、怀柔)后的土壤样品,通过测定137Cs面积活度换算土壤侵蚀速率,估算北京山区坡地果园水平阶整地措施的水土保持效益。结果表明:昌平、密云和怀柔坡地果园的土壤侵蚀速率分别为5 331、2 494和1 970 t/(km2·a),水平阶整地措施减少50%的土壤侵蚀量,可起到降低土壤侵蚀的作用;但是由于年久失修,没能完全发挥其应有的水土保持功效。Fruit industry has become one of the main components of agriculture in Beijing hillslope orchard.However,soil loss at hillslope orchards is serious due to the steep slopes and low vegetation coverage.Narrow terrace is one of the major soil conservation measures in such hillslope orchards.It is important to quantitatively investigate soil erosion for a sustainable development of environment and economy for these hillslope orchards.The objective of this study is to estimate the soil erosion rate using 137Cs method in such area.Soil samples were collected from three counties：Changping （no conservation practice）,Huairou and Miyun （both with narrow terraces）,and the 137Cs inventory was measured to estimate soil erosion rate.The result indicated that the erosion rates of hillslope orchards in Changping,Huairou and Miyun were 5 311,2 494 and 1 970 t/（km2 · a）,respectively.The narrow terraces have reduced the soil loss by 50％,but cannot fully play its application effects of soil and water conservation because of disrepair.

关 键 词：水平阶 土壤侵蚀 137Cs示踪 北京山区果园 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]