科尔沁沙地幼龄长柄扁桃生长特性对施肥的响应  

Growth characteristics of young Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. in response to fertilization in Kerqin sandy land

作　　者：罗凤敏[1] 张利文 高永[1] 汪季[1] 郑松州[1] 党晓宏[1] 肖芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区环境工程评估中心,呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2013年第6期87-92,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"半干旱区受损生态系统恢复重建及资源持续利用技术研发与示范"(2011BAC07B02-03);国家重点基础研究发展计划"干旱区地下有机碳过程及其与无机碳吸收的关系"(2009CB825103)

摘　　要：科尔沁沙地是典型的农牧交错区,生态环境脆弱。长柄扁桃为濒危保护树种,具有适应范围广、抗旱、固沙及抗风蚀能力强等优良特性,具有生态效益与经济效益。在科尔沁沙地,采用环状施肥方式,研究不同的施肥配比及施肥量处理对幼龄长柄扁桃生长特性的影响,获得最佳施肥配比及施肥量。结果表明:1)在N、P、K的质量分数比为3.6∶2.3∶1.0的条件下,施肥量为40 g/株时,2012年8—9月份之间长柄扁桃的株高、冠幅、新枝长、地径、新枝直径、新枝数6项生长指标的增长率最高可达到16.00%、39.51%、37.15%、17.72%、50.96%、33.05%;2)6项生长指标2次调查的长柄扁桃的株高和地径的差异均达到极显著水平(R2=0.904 8,R2=0.888 9),表明施肥对促进长柄扁桃的株高和地径生长有非常显著的作用;3)在N、P、K的质量分数比为3.6∶2.3∶1.0的条件下,施肥量为40 g/株时,长柄扁桃的6项生长指标均达到一个峰值。Kerqin sandy land is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone with fragile ecological environment.Amygdalus pedunculata Pall.is an endangered tree species with advantages of wide adaptability,strong resistance to drought,sand fixation and wind erosion resistance,showing ecological and economical benefits.We adopted annularity fertilizing pattern and carried out different fertilizer proportions and fertilizer amounts on young A.pedunculata in Kerqin sandy land,analyzed the effect of growth characteristics on fertilization,and obtained the optimum fertilization proportion and amount.The results showed that during the August and September in 2012 the increasing rates of six indexes,i.e.,seedling height,crown width,length of new branches,ground diameter,diameter of new branches and number of new branches of A.pedunculata,were 16.00％,39.51％,37.15％,17.72％,50.96％,and 33.05％,respectively,when the mass ratio of N,P and K in mass quality was 3.6∶ 2.3∶1.0 and the fertilizer amount was is 40 g per seedling.There was a significant difference in seedling height and ground diameter of A.pedunculata （R2 =0.904 8,R2 =0.888 9） between the first and the later investigation,showing the evident effect of fertilization on seedling height and ground diameter.The six indexes of A.pedunculata all reached a peak value when the mass ratio of N,P and K was 3.6∶2.3 ∶ 1.0 and the fertilizer amount was 40 g per seedling.

关 键 词：幼龄长柄扁桃 施肥 生长特性 科尔沁沙地 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]