不同水平女子马拉松运动员的节奏策略研究  

Analysis on Pacing Strategy of Female Marathon of Different Performance Levels

作　　者：杨锋[1] 朱瑜[2] 高岩[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学研究生院,北京100084 [2]西南大学体育学院,重庆400715 [3]遵义师范学院体育学院,贵州遵义563002

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2014年第1期10-16,87,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：为了讨论不同水平女子马拉松运动员在奥运会比赛中不同分段的节奏策略，运用被试间事后准则多样组设计将2012年伦敦奥运会女子马拉松运动员按比赛名次的25％平均分成4组，分析各组个人最佳成绩、比赛成绩、分段成绩特征及组间差异。结果表明，1～4纽比赛成绩平均速度相对于个人最佳成绩平均速度比例分别为98．3％、98．1％、96．9％、96．4％，比赛中，获得好名次运动员的成绩比其他运动员更加接近于个人最佳成绩。第1组运动员全程速度变异小，表现出前慢后快的“J”型抛物线型节奏策略，而第2、3、4组表现出前快后慢的积极性节奏策略。第1组的初始速度低于比赛成绩和个人最佳成绩的平均速度，但后半程出现加速甚至高于比赛成绩和个人最佳成绩的平均速度，而第2、3、4组却相反。结论：名次靠前的运动员重现个人最佳成绩的能力强于名次靠后的运动员。运动员获得优异的比赛成绩除了身体训练水平之外，选择适宜的节奏策略也非常重要。选择适宜的初始速度，能有效避免后半程速度的过度下降。战术考虑、环境认知等心理因素影响了运动员节奏策略的选择，采用适宜的节奏策略能在运动成绩和名次上超过身体训练水平高但节奏控制不好的其他运动员。To analyze the pacing strategies displayed by different performance level of female marathon. Use the matched-group between-subjects design to split female marathon＇s athletes of in 2012 London Olympic Games into group 1,2,3,4 comprising the 25 ~ of competitors to research the mean speed of PB time, race time, intermediate segments. The result indicated, the percent of mean PB speed relative to mean race speed was 98.3 %, 9 8.1 ~/00,9 6.9 ~, 9 6.4 ~, the mean race speed of good position closed to mean PB speed more than bad position. There is less variance of all intermediate segments in group 1, which is parabolic-shaped pacing just like ＂J＂ that was rapid at first and slow down, but the positive pacing strategy was occurred in group2,3,4 that was slow at first and rapid down. The initiate speed is low to the mean speed in PB time and race time, but opposite in the second half, however, it is opposite in group2,3, 4. Conclusions：The ability which is duplicating PB time for the athletes with good position is superior to them with bad position. Competitions who have achieved good position is due to the physical training levels, the selection of pacing strategy is important as well. To select appro- priate initiate speed can avoid the speed decrease excessive in the second half. The psychological factor has influenced the selection of pacing strategy such as tactics and environmental cogni- tion, appropriate pacing strategy makes athletes superior to them who is making poor pacing strategy even if have high physical training level.

关 键 词：女子 马拉松 运动员 节奏策略 

分 类 号：G822.8[文化科学—体育训练]