美国中亚研究中的“危险话语”及其政治效应  

"Discourse of Danger" in American Central Asian Studies and Its Political Effects

作　　者：曾向红[1] 杨恕[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学中亚研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2014年第1期93-113,159,共21页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(项目批准号:06JZD0012);兰州大学重点研究基地团队建设项目(项目批准号:13LZUJBWTDO12)的资助

摘　　要：美国学术界关于中亚问题的研究,是美国介入中亚事务行动中的重要组成部分。目前,美国中亚研究中对美国中亚政策影响最大的无疑是"危险话语"。"危险话语"通过片面或扭曲呈现中亚国家在政治、经济、社会、文化等领域中的风险,建构了一种中亚地区危险重重、随时可能爆发各种危机的意象。其中,"危险话语"尤其体现在美国中亚学术界关于中亚国家在国家建构过程中面临的难题和大国尤其是俄罗斯对该地区的影响这两个议题的研究过程中。尽管"危险话语"建构的中亚意象往往不符合该地区的发展现状,但它们产生了重大的政治效应,不仅影响了美国学术界、决策者与大众等关于中亚地区的认知,而且还在一定程度上引导和推动了美国中亚政策的制定与实施。美国基于"危险话语"制定的中亚政策虽然具备了"合法性"和"合理性"依据,但其带来的后果却不一定全是积极的,有可能导致难以顺利推进其在该地区追求的遏制、整合与塑造三重战略目标。Central Asian studies in America is an important and indispensable part of U.S.involvement in Central Asian affairs.Nowadays,one of the mainstream discourses in American Central Asian studies is the " discourse of danger",which has lots of influences on the U.S.Central Asian policy.Highlighting the perils in the political,economic,social,cultural fields through one-sided and distorted representation of the Central Asian countries,the "discourse of danger" constructs an image of Central Asian countries that may be engulfed by these perils at any time.Among these perils,the "discourse of danger" refers most to the problems that have been encountered in Central Asian countries state-building process,and the influence of great powers' ambitions towards the Central Asia,especially Russia's traditional influence in this region.Although the image construction by "discourse of danger" does not reflect the realities of Central Asian countries,it produces significant political consequences.For example,the "discourse of danger" not only influences the image about Central Asia of American academic community,decision-makers and general public,but also directs and facilitates the formulation and implementation of American Central Asian policy.Although the policy based on the "discourse of danger" has gotten some international legitimacy and domestic rationality,it does not always bring about positive effects.As for the U.S.,when making its Central Asian policy in line with the " discourse of danger",it will find that their strategic goals will encounter great challenges.

关 键 词：美国中亚研究 美国中亚政策 美国外交 话语分析 “危险话语” 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]