改良剂对反酸田土壤性质与水稻产量的影响  

EFFECT OF SOIL AMELIORANTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND RICE YIELD OF ACID SULFATE PADDY FIELD

作　　者：易琼[1] 杨少海[1] 黄巧义[1] 黄旭[1] 蒋瑞平[1] 唐拴虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第1期176-183,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(201003016)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验研究了不同改良剂在反酸田土壤上的应用效果。结果表明，土壤pH在3.47-4.90范围内， pH与交换性H^＋和交换性Al3^＋呈极显著线性负相关关系，而与土壤有效铁和有效硫含量呈显著正相关。不同改良处理在提高作物产量和改良土壤性质方面较对照处理与NPK处理效果明显，且钙镁磷肥、自研改良剂、石灰及碱渣等无机改良剂改良效果显著高于添加腐植酸、精制有机肥、碱性有机肥处理。其改良效果主要体现在提高土壤pH，显著降低土壤交换性H^＋和交换性Al3^＋含量，明显增加土壤有效钙和有效镁的含量，改善根系生长环境，增加水稻地上部养分吸收和水稻籽粒产量。综上，初步认为酸害（包括活性酸和潜在酸）是反酸田土壤最主要的限制因子，钙镁磷肥、自研改良剂和石灰等偏碱性且富含有效钙或磷的无机矿物质是农业生产中改良反酸田的适宜改良剂。A pot experiment was conducted to study effects of ameliorants on soil properties and rice yield of acid sulfate paddy soil. Results show that soil pH, in the range of 3.47-4.90, was significantly and negatively correlated witH^＋exchangeable H^＋and Al3^＋, but positively witH^＋soil available iron （Fe）, sulfur （S）. Compared witH^＋treatments CK and NPK, all the amelioration treatments showed varying significant effects of increasing crop yield and improving soil properties. Inorganic ameliorants, e.g. calcium magnesium phosphate, home-developed ameliorant, lime and alkali residue, were better than organic ones, sucH^＋as humic acid, refined organic manure and alkaline organic manure. The amelioration effects were mainly reflected in higher soil pH, available Ca and available Mg, lower soil exchangeable H^＋and Al3^＋, better environment for root growtH^＋and hence higher nutrient uptake by rice shoots and higher rice grain yield. To sum up, acid hazard （including active acid and potential acid） is the main limiting factor in rice production in acid sulfate paddy soil. Alkalescent and Ca- or P-ricH^＋inorganic substances, sucH^＋as calcium magnesium phosphate, home-developed ameliorant, lime, etc. are proper ameliorants for acid sulfate paddy fields in agricultural practice.

关 键 词：改良剂 反酸田 土壤性质 水稻产量 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]