城市固体废弃物处理方式的生命周期评价——以北京市为例  

Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment: Taking Beijing as an Example

作　　者：高晓龙[1] 李瑞卿[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学循环经济研究院,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100124

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2013年第6期23-26,32,共5页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：北京市重点学科"资源;环境及循环经济"项目(033000541213004);北京工业大学研究生科技基金资助项目(ykj2012-8317)

摘　　要：针对北京城市固体废弃物量大、成分复杂的特点,对固体废弃物的卫生填埋、堆肥、焚烧以及综合处理方式进行生命周期评价,定量评价这4种处理方式对环境的影响,同时进行经济成本、资源消耗的对比分析。结果表明:焚烧处理方式在环境影响、经济成本以及资源消耗方面都影响最显著,所以应实现分类回收的普及,同时加强对废气的无害化处理;卫生填埋的经济成本低但环境影响显著,实现填埋气和渗沥液的资源化尤为重要;此外,针对目前北京市固体废弃物处理方式结构组成,应降低填埋和焚烧的比重,提高堆肥和综合处理的比重,以期实现人口、资源与环境的可持续发展。Aimming at enormous quantity and complex components of municipal solid waste in Beijing, the life cycle assessment of sanitary landfill, compost, incineration, and integrated treatment was carried out. That is to say, their environmental impact, economic cost and resource consumption were compared by quantitative evaluation. The result showed that incineration treatment has the most signi^eant effect in environmental impact, econornic cost and resource consumption. So the popularization of sorting recovery should be realized, and the hazard-free treatment of waste gas should be strengthened. Sanitary landfill treatment causes low economic cost but significant environmental impact, therefore, it＇s urgent to realize resource utilization of landfill gas and leachate. In addition, according to the structure of municipal solid waste treatment in Beijing, the proportion of compost and integrated treatment should be increased, and that of landfill and incineration treatment should be decreased, in order to achieve sustainable development of population, resources and environment.

关 键 词：城市固体废弃物 生命周期评价 资源消耗 北京 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]