甘肃陇东黄土高原陆面实际蒸散测算方法比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Measuring and Calculating Methods of Land Surface Actual Evapotranspiration in Loess Plateau of the Eastern Gansu

作　　者：蒲金涌[1,2] 王润元[1] 王鹤龄[1] 李晓薇[3] 李蓉[3] 汪鸿滨[2] 无 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]天水市气象局,甘肃天水741000 [3]仲恺农业工程学院环境科学与工程学院,广东广州510550 [4]南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《土壤通报》2014年第1期32-38,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技部公益行业科研专项“农田水分利用效率对气候变化的响应与适应技术”(GYHY201106029)资助

摘　　要：为了更好地研究甘肃黄土高原比较接近实际蒸散的估算方法，运用西峰农业气象试验站1981～2010年土壤湿度测量资料及西峰国家基准气象站蒸发、气温、降水、相对湿度、日照时数、风速等资料。分析了实际蒸散变化特点及与蒸发量、彭曼方法蒸散量计算值及降水量的关系。结果表明，1981-2010年100cm土层实际蒸散量存在着13年的周期变化。30cm、50cm土层实际蒸散量分别占100cm土层实际蒸散量96％和98％。3—6月、10。11月，蒸散量大于降水量，为土壤的失墒期；7～9月，降水量大于蒸散量，为土壤收墒期。降水量拟合实际蒸散量效果较好，其次为蒸发量及彭曼蒸散量。浅层贮水量与实际蒸散量相关性比深层显著，蒸散对上层土壤水分的影响较大。To find more suitable estimating method for actual evapotranspiration, the soil moisture date in Agrometeorologica] Experiment Station of Xifeng and the data of evaporation, temperature, precipitation, relative humid, sunshine duration and wind speed in the Xifeng National Benchmark Weather Station from 1981 to 2010 had been used. The results showed that actual evapotranpiration in the 100 cm depth of soil layer existed a 13-year cycle over 1981 - 2010. The actual evapotranspirsation in 30 cm and 50 cm soil layers accounted to 96% and 98% in 100 cm soil layer, respectively. It was greater than precipitation from March to June, and from October to November, when soil water decreased. The precipitation was greater than actual evapotranspiration from July to September, when soil water increased. The results of estimate actual evapotranspiration simulated by precipitation was good. The actual evapotranspiration and soil water storage was significantly positive correlation, which in upper soil layer was larger than that in down soil layer. The results indicated that evapotranspiraton disturbed upper soil water easily.

关 键 词：甘肃 黄土高原 陆面实际蒸散 研究方法 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]