施肥方式对重度侵蚀黑土养分及玉米产量影响  

The Different Fertilizer Application on Thin Layer Black Soil Nutrition and Maize Yield

作　　者：欧洋[1] 阎百兴[1] 许晓鸿[2] 张军海[2] 张瑜[2] 隋媛媛[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《土壤通报》2014年第1期157-162,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑项目(2011BAD31B01);国家自然科学基金项目(41201534);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200901048)资助

摘　　要：针对东北地区土壤侵蚀加剧，土壤有机质含量和土壤氮储量偏低，增产潜力下降等问题，采用培肥定位试验研究化肥和有机肥配施对土壤有机质和氮磷钾养分及玉米产量的影响。结果表明，化肥配合适量干牛粪施用对土壤的改良作用，优于化肥配合等养分含量的秸秆粉碎还田。相对不施肥的对照，0—20cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾都显著增加，差异达到0．05显著水平。有机无机配施对20～40cm深土壤质量改善作用有限。与单施无机肥处理相比，有机无机肥配合施用可增产14．51％-33．03％，差异达到0．05显著水平。施入过多的有机肥料会使短时期内土壤有机质及速效养分增加的比率降低，本研究建议针对重度侵蚀黑土（破皮黄黑土）的改良，干牛粪的施用量应为3．75thm^-2，玉米秸秆的施入量应为当年生产量的50％左右。Aim at the issues of the low soil organic matter concentration and soil nitrogen reserves and descending yield potential which caused by serious soil erosion in black soil area of northeast China, field experiments were applied to study the effect of NPK fertilizer combined organic manure on soil organic matter concentration and nutrient concentration in the Xingmu Erosion and Environment Research Station in the Soil and Water Conservation Institute of Jilin Province. The results showed that NPK fertilizer combined cattle ordure was better than NPK fertilizer combined corn straw with equal nutrient quantity. Compared with the control （with no fertilization）, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium significantly increased in 0 20 em depth of soil （p 〈 0.05）. However, NPK fertilizer combined organic manure had little influence on the soil quality in 20 - 40 em depth. Excessive organic manure could decrease the growth rates of soil organic matter and nutrition. Compared with the plot with only NPK fertilizer, yield could be increased to 14.51% - 33.03% （p 〈 0.05）. The inputs of corn straw and cattle ordure into soil should be 50% of the total production and 3.75 t hm^-2, respectively.

关 键 词：重度侵蚀黑土 土壤有机质 有机无机配施 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S156.93[农业科学—土壤学]