“一膜两年用”关键技术及节本增产效应研究  

Technology and the Effect of Reducing Cost and Increasing Production of "A film with two years"

作　　者：杨国恒[1] 张树海[1] 郭忠富[1] 杨建勋[1] 王晓煜[1] 兰小龙[1] 张平 

机构地区：[1]宁夏固原市原州区农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏固原756000 [2]宁夏原州区能源站,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2013年第6期144-146,共3页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：“一膜两年用”第2年种植玉米时。玉米播种期0～60cm土壤含水量平均为18．38％，比早春顶凌全膜覆盖增加0．98～1．36个百分点，比播期半膜增加3．96-4．14％；水分生产效率提高24．17％，土壤温度较播期半膜覆盖提高2．37℃／d，玉米全生育期积温增加323．4℃，其表现程度与早春顶凌全膜覆盖基本一致。“一膜两年用”种植玉米、油葵增产效果低于早春顶凌全膜覆盖4．9％，但与播期半膜相比，玉米增产幅度达23．7％，油葵增产13．3％。由于“一膜两年用”减少了地膜和田间作业的投入，增收效果非常显著，种植玉米、油葵平均纯收益11057．2元／hm^2，比早春顶凌全膜覆盖增加1653．2元／hm^2，比播期半膜增加4107．1元／hm^2。“一膜两年用”既能减少水分的散失，使土壤含水量相对稳定，又提高了地温，改善了土壤环境，减少了废旧地膜的污染，为作物生长发育创造了良好的环境。When ＂A film with two years＂ planting corn in the second year, soil water content of 0-60 cm at corn seeding period was 18.38% on average, and increased by 0.98-1.36 percent point than earing spring all film coveting, and increased by 3.97-4.14 percent point than half membrane af the sowing period. Water production efficiency increased by 24.17%, and the soil temperature increased by 2.37 ℃/d than half membrane at the sowing period, and the accumulated temperature in the whole stages of corn increased by 323.4 ℃. The yield of corn and oil sunflower with ＂One film with two years＂ was lower 4.9 percent point than early spring all film covering, but compared with half membrane at the sowing period, the yield increase rate of corn was 23.7%, and the yield increase rate of oil sunflower was 13.3%. Due to＂ a film with two years＂ reducing the membrane and the field operations＇ income, increment effect was very significant. The average net benefits of corn and oil sunflower was I 1057.2 yuan/hm^2, increased by 1 653.2 yuan/hm^2 than early spring all film coveting, increased by 4 107.1 yuan/hm^2 than half membrane at the sowing period . ＂A film with two years＂ both reduced the water loss and made soil water content relatively stable, also increased the ground temperature, improved the soil environment and decreased the pollution of waste plastic in order to create a good environment for crop growth and development.

关 键 词：一膜两年用 免耕 节本增产 关键技术 

分 类 号：S352.54[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]