问卷调查质量研究:应答代表性评估  

Research on Survey Quality:Evaluation of the Representativeness of Survey Responses

作　　者：任莉颖[1] 邱泽奇[2] 丁华[1] 严洁[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国社会科学调查中心 [2]北京大学社会学系 [3]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《社会》2014年第1期196-214,共19页Chinese Journal of Sociology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目"并行数据和调查数据质量管理"(71171004)资助~~

摘　　要：随着问卷调查中无应答现象的增多,应答样本代表性问题成为问卷调查研究者的关注焦点。由于自身局限性,应答率无法提供有效的调查质量信息,建构新的应答代表性指标因此就成为研究重点。在综合比较相关研究成果的基础上,本文认为,R指标对于评估并提升问卷调查质量有较好的应用前景,并探讨了R指标的概念界定、计算方法、指标构成和注意事项,同时运用这一指标对"中国家庭动态跟踪调查"2010年初访数据的应答代表性进行了评估。As non-responses in surveys have increasingly become more common in recent years, the representativeness of survey responses has called attention from survey researchers. Response rate is commonly used as an indicator of survey quality. However, theoretically and empirically there is not necessarily a direct link between response rates and nonresponse biases. So how to get alternative indicators of response representativeness has become a focus in research. After reviewing multiple measures of assessing response representativeness, we consider that R-indicator is the most promising compared with others. Regarding its construction, R-indicator is guided by sound theories, based on rich sample-frame data and paradata, and can be obtained by relatively simple algorithm. Regarding its application, R-indicator can be used for comparing different surveys with the same target population, different waves of a panel survey, or times of measurement in different stages of the same survey. This article introduces the definition of the concept of R-indicator, its computation, composition and limitations. R-indicator was applied to the evaluation of the representativeness of the survey responses in the China Family Panel Studies （CFPS）, 2010. We divided the whole fieldwork process into three stages and computed the R-indicator, Maximal Absolute Bias, and partial R-indicators for each stage. The analysis of these indicators led to a discovery that the samples were over- or under-represented in the areas with variations in community attributes, economic development, population density, non-agricultural population ratio, and support from community commissions. Moreover, the seriousness of these problems changed as the survey went on.

关 键 词：社会调查 调查质量 应答代表性 R指标 

分 类 号：C81[社会学—统计学]