我国游泳男子中长距离自由泳项目的发展特征及突破因素分析  

Analysis on the Developmental Characteristics and Breakthrough Factors of Men's Long-distance Freestyle in China

作　　者：于荣[1] 汤强[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院休闲与社会体育学院,北京100191 [2]中国人民公安大学警务指导战术系,北京102600

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2014年第1期70-75,共6页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：通过收集整理1993—2012年我国与世界男子200m自由泳、400m自由泳、1 500m自由泳3个单项历年的成绩、排名、全国纪录等数据,运用文献资料法、访谈法、数理统计法,回顾与分析我国与世界男子中长距离自由泳项目的发展过程,客观地评价我国男子中长距离自由泳的项目发展规律及特征,揭示其成绩突破的原因。结果表明:1)按1993—2012年我国男子长距离自由泳运动水平的发展特征分为起伏阶段(1993—2000年)、提升阶段(2001—2008年)、突破阶段(2009—2012年);2)我国男子中长距离自由泳前10名平均成绩与世界水平逐步缩小,但我国成绩起伏稍大;3)近几年我国男子游泳中长距离自由泳3个单项前10名成绩增长率明显高于世界水平,其中400m和1 500m自由泳成绩提高显著;4)目前我国男子400m自由泳整体实力较强,200m自由泳相对较弱,倘若200m自由泳整体水平提高将有利于单项及4×200m自由泳接力项目的成绩进一步提高。总结我国男子中长距离自由泳突破的因素为:我国成功训练经验的总结、借鉴以往国外训练的成果、思想观念的转变和领军人物的带头作用。With the research methods of literature review, interview and mathematical statistics, the present paper reviews and analyzes the developmental progress of mens longdistance freestyle of China and of the world, evaluate objectively the characteristics of mens londistance freestyle in China, and reveal the reasons of performance breakthrough, based on the data of rankings, results and national record from mens 200meter, 400meter, and 1500meter freestyle events from the year 1993 to 2012. The results show that： 1. there are three stages for mens longdistance freestyle event in China from 1993 to 2012, namely,undulating stage （1993-2000）, improving stage （2001-2008）, breakthrough stage （2009- 2012） ; 2. The gap of average performance results of the top 10 swimmers of long distance freestyle events between China and the world have gradually narrowed, but performance results of the Chinese swimmers exhibit a undulating condition; 3. In recent years, the growth rate of three singleevent top ten swimmers of mens longdistance freestyle of China is significantly higher than that of world average level, of which 400meter and 1500meter freestyle performance have improved significantly; 4. At present, the overall strength of mens 400meter freestyle is of high level in China, while the 200meter freestyle is relatively weak. Thus the increase of the overall level of the 200 meter freestyle will be beneficial to both individual event and 4x200meter freestyle relay race alike. The breakthrough factors of mens longdistance free style in China can be summarized as： summary of the successful past training experience of the Chinese team, assimilation of the successful training experience from abroad, transformation of administrative and training philosophies and the model role of the leading figures.

关 键 词：男子中长距离自由泳 项目发展特征 奥运会 世锦赛 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]