城市生态系统灵敏度模型评述  

A review of sensitivity model for urban ecosystems

作　　者：勘邑亮 王如松[1] 尹科[1] 韩宝龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第1期23-32,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(71033005)

摘　　要：系统复杂性是困扰城市生态系统研究和管理的因素之一,成熟的系统分析模型可以帮助研究者及管理者应对这种挑战。德国系统思想大师Vester教授开发的灵敏度模型就是致力于解决城市规划管理中的复杂性问题,并在一系列的实践应用中取得了显著成效。网状思维(Networked Thinking)与生物控制论观点是Vester教授的核心思想,也是灵敏度模型的思想基础。模型主要分为三大层次:最底层是以数据的收集与筛选过程为代表的信息组织层次;随后是系统解释层次,主要是对系统关系网进行控制论解释;最后是系统综合评价层次,采用生物控制论观点对系统结构、行为等进行检验与评价。为方便用户使用,模型被分解为9个标准步骤,每一部分都包含数个实用的数学分析工具。模型还明确提出了4个等级的系统控制论指标(或特征)体系,以帮助使用者更好地进行系统思考。灵敏度模型本身具有众多的原创性贡献,但同时也有一定的局限性。这些经验与教训为未来的城市生态系统建模工作提供了宝贵启示。The system complexity is one of the factors that plagued urban ecosystem （UE） research and management. According to the general system theory, the complexity of UE can be divided into structural complexity, the complexity of the process, the complexity of system behavior, the functional complexity and emergence to the overall complexity. The reliable systematic analysis models and tools can help researchers and managers to deal with this challenge. Sensitivity model developed by Professor Vester, who was known as the great master of system thinking in Germany, was committed to addressing the complex issues in daily urban management practices. Of course, the model had taken remarkable achievements in the range of practical applications. The networked thinking and biological cybernetic （or bio-cybernetie） perspective are Vester＇s core ideas and the philosophy basis of the sensitivity model. The model framework was divided into three hierarchical levels ： the bottom was the level of information organization mainly including data collection and screening process; following was the level of systematic cybernetic interpretation, emphatically mining the knowledge about system structure, interaction between parts, and so on with the aid of the cybernetic criterions ; finally, the highest level, system comprehensive evaluation, gave an overall and integrated assessment of the system structure and behaviors via the eight bio- cybernetics principles. For the convenience of model users, the model was broken down into nine standard steps, each of which contained a number of useful mathematical analysis tools. In the model, Professor Vester also explicitly put forward a four-level systematic cybernetic indicators （or characteristics） to help advanced users easily form their system thinking. Sensitivity model itself had made many outstanding contributions. In detail, the model provided an integrated methodologicalframework for dealing with complex issues for the urban ecosystem research; it, most importantly, al

关 键 词：城市生态系统 灵敏度模型 网状思维 生物控制论 

分 类 号：TP311.52[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]