城市生活垃圾代谢的研究进展  

Urban ecological metalbolism of municipal solid waste: a review

作　　者：周传斌[1] 徐琬莹[1] 曹爱新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第1期33-40,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(41201579);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题资助项目(2012BAC13B04)

摘　　要：城市代谢是导致城市发展、能量生产和废物排放的社会、经济和技术过程的总和。生活垃圾管理系统是一类典型的、具备社会、经济、自然要素的复杂系统,它不仅同管理体制、技术水平和居民素质有关,也贯穿生产、消费、流通、还原过程,更和水体、土壤、大气、生物、矿产等自然环境紧密联系。综述了近年来基于城市生态系统代谢思路,在生活垃圾碳、重金属、营养元素和能量的城市代谢等方面的研究进展,分析了未来该领域研究需重点关注的方向。生活垃圾在城市生态系统中的能量流动、物质循环、代谢效率等方面的研究,可为生活垃圾管理系统的评价、规划、工程、管理研究提供科学基础。Urban ecological metabolism is the sum of society, economy and technology during the city development, energy production and waste emissions. Municipal solid waste management was a typical complex system combines social-economic- natural factors. Municipal solid waste management was effeeted by managing mechanism, technical level and environmental conscious of inhabitants. Municipal solid waste run through the urban metabolism processes of production, consumption, logistics and recycling, and even more, waste has a close relationship of natural environmental such as water body, soil, air, biology and mines. In this paper, we reviewed the literatures about municipal solid waste emission, transfer, and dump of carbon, heavy metal, energy and nutrients in the framework of urban ecological metabolism, and gave the important researching directions and contents in this area. Main findings were ： 1 ） Carbon metabolism of municipal solid waste was important in the researches of urban carbon cycle, current researches were focus on the carbon emission regulation of waste treatment, comparison studies on carbon emission between different cities, carbon emission and transfer inside the cities, carbon detecting and accounting of solid waste and waste management for low carbon emissions. 2） Heavy metal metabolism was paid attentions by researchers, current researches were focus on the inputs and outputs of heavy metals through urban metabolism, source analysis of heavy metals in different municipal solid wastes, transferring and migrating of different heavy metals through different treating and disposing processes, migrating of heavy metal in soil-plant system brought from waste compost, and impacts to heavy metal metabolism by different collection separating and transporting system. 3） Nutrients and energy metabolism of municipal solid waste were reported less than carbon and heavy metals. Inputs, output and the balance of typical nutrients, such us nitrogen and phosphorus, were studied, and nutrients metabolism from

关 键 词：生活垃圾 城市代谢 碳排放 重金属 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]