达标污水离岸排海末端处置技术研究综述  

Research review of the tail disposal technology of the standard sewage offshore outfall

作　　者：彭士涛[1,2] 王心海[1] 

机构地区：[1]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所,天津300456 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266061

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第1期231-237,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目(201305003)

摘　　要：达标污水离岸排海处置具有低成本、高处理率等优点,是国内外沿海港口和临港工业园区进行污水处置的重要选择。介绍了国内外达标污水离岸排海末端处置技术的发展情况,分析了排污口位置选划、扩散器射流参数及水力结构优化等研究技术上存在的问题。认为排污口位置选划应在水动力、污染物扩散、泥沙冲淤及工程经济因素分析的基础上,还需要重点考虑污水排放对区域生态要素长期的影响;排海末端扩散器射流参数及水力结构优化也尤为关键,不仅直接影响稀释扩散效果,而且涉及到主管、上升管、喷口等多个可控因子,可以采用建立物理模型、数值模型及量纲分析等方法,合理优化扩散器的结构参数和扩散器的型式,对提高达标污水离岸处置的效果具有重要意义。Water pollution has become an important factor which impacts the national economic development. In order to reduce the pollution, many technologies have been used. Sewage offshore outfall is one of effective technology in reduction the water pollution. This technology is that the sewage was discharged into marine by the pipeline system, and thus the concentration of pollutants in water was dilution. Sewage offshore outfall have been become an important waste water treatment in the coast cities due to many advantages of low-cost and high processing rates. In the present study, we reviewed the development of the technology of the sewage offshore outfall, including the outfall location selection, the jet parameter optimization, and the hydraulic structures optimization. For the outfall location selection, the best selection is including both the qualitatively and quantitatively choosing. The qualitatively choosing was mainly to select the suitable area to offshore outfall based on the regional planning, hydrodynamic conditions, coastal terrain features, the distribution of marine resources and water quality conditions. Based on the qualitatively choosing, the further selection is the quantitatively choosing. Such selection is correlated to the movement of sewage pollutants, envelope size and particle trajectories, which is studied by founding numerical and physical model, such as near-zone, far-zone, overall-zone convection-diffusion diffuser model and particle tracking model. Particularly, overall-zone eomposited diffuser model can simulate the dilution and dispersion law fully and truly, because it can simultaneously predict turbulent jet and transport diffusion. Meanwhile, the outfall location selection should be considered the sediment deposition and the long-term cumulative effects of ecological elements. It is very important to optimize the jet parameter and the hydraulic structures. This optimization can increase thedilution of sewage, improve the discharge uniformity of the nozzle, and thus ensure the proper

关 键 词：达标污水 离岸排海 扩散器 位置选划 喷口射流 水力结构 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]