近百年来北京市地表水体时空变化特征及驱动力分析  

Spatial-Temporal Variation and Driving Forces of Surface Water in Beijing Over One Hundred Years

作　　者：付颖[1,2] 徐新良[1] 通拉嘎[1,2] 李双[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2014年第1期75-83,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：全国生态环境十年变化遥感调查与评估项目(编号:STSN-14-00);中国科学院西部行动计划项目(编号:KZCX2-XB3-08-01)

摘　　要：基于遥感和GIS技术,利用1910年代、1950年代、1980年代的地形图和2000年代的航空遥感影像数据,通过数字化和人工解译,获取了北京市地表水体时空数据集,并在此基础上分析了近百年来北京市地表水体时空变化特征及驱动力。研究结果表明,近百年来北京市地表水体面积总体呈现增长趋势,从1910年代的125.25km2增长到2000年代的456.88km2,净增长331.63km2,增长率为264.77%。不同时段地表水体的变化特征各不相同。1910-1950年代,地表水体面积的增加以河流为主,河流面积增加了41.14km2,占水体增加面积的83.7%;1950-1980年代,水库和坑塘的面积增长最为显著,分别增长了152.98km2和101.88km2;线状水系密度的增长主要依赖于沟渠密度的增加。1980-2000年代,北京市地表水体的面积增加了76.32km2,但是水库面积缩减了24.2%。北京市地表水体变化的主要驱动因子包括降雨、地表水资源开发、用水以及水环境治理工程。With the rapid development of the economy in Beijing, the imbalance between supply and demand of urban water remains serious and how to best deal with the severe lack of water resources is becoming a major problem. Based on topographic maps from the 1910s, 1950s, 1980s and aerial remote sensing data from the 2000s, this study acquired spatiotemporal datasets for surface water in Beijing and aimed to reveal spatial-temporal variation and driving forces over the last 100 years. The results showed that the area of water in 2007 was 456.88km2, and the drainage density was 0.08km/km2. Water in Chaobai River accounted for 40.76% of total surface water and the main water type is swag. The area of surface water increased by 331.63km2, from 125.25km2 in 1990s to 456.88km2 in 2000s, up 264.77%. Changing characteristics of surface water are diverse at different times. Rivers experienced the major increase between the 1990s and 1950s, and gained 41.14km2 （83.7%）. From the 1950s to 1980s, the area of swag and reservoir increased by 152.98km2 and 101.88km2 respectively, the increase in drainage density was largely dependent on channels. The area of surface water increased by 76.32km2 from the 1980s to 2000s while the area of reservoir dropped by 24.2%. Main driving factors include rainfall, development of surface water resources, water consumption and water environmental treatment. Overall, these data show decreasing rainfall supplying surface water. Inflow in Guanting and Miyun reservoir has greatly reduced, which caused a reduction in overall reservoir storage and cutoffs downstream.

关 键 词：地表水体 时空演变 驱动力 北京市 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]