黄土高原植被覆盖变化与气候和人类活动的关系  

Vegetation Cover, Climate And Human Activities on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：易浪[1] 任志远[1] 张翀[1] 刘雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062

出　　处：《资源科学》2014年第1期166-174,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41071057);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研专项基金(编号:GK201101002)

摘　　要：利用黄土高原的SPOT VGT归一化植被指数数据和气象数据,采用Sen+Mann-Kendall分析法、相关分析和残差分析法,对黄土高原1999-2010年植被覆盖的时空变化进行了分析,并探讨了气候变化与人类活动对植被覆盖变化的影响。结果显示:在过去的12年中黄土高原生长季植被NDVI呈现显著的上升趋势,其增加速率为0.1497/a,但各区域之间存在明显的空间差异,黄土高原东部地区植被NDVI生长情况要明显好于西部地区;同时黄土高原植被覆盖与降水有很好的相关性,降水变化是影响植被覆盖变化的主要因素。此外,人类活动对黄土高原植被覆盖变化的建设和破坏作用同时并存,退耕还林还草工程促进了黄土高原植被覆盖的增加,而地区的城市化和工业化进程加速,草原区的超载放牧、乱采乱伐和过度开垦以及能源区的开采开发等现象导致植被NDVI的减少,但正影响要大于负影响,当前在黄土高原进行的退耕还林还草工程开始慢慢凸显出它的生态效应。Here, spatial and temporal variation in vegetation cover on the Loess Plateau is analyzed using Sen＋Mann-Kendall, correlation analysis and residual analysis methods based on the SPOT VGT normal difference vegetation index and meteorological data from 1999-2010. We found that Loess Plateau vegetation cover shows an increasing trend and its growth has been 0.1497/a. However, there is an obvious spatial distribution between regions and in the eastem region vegetation NDVI growth is better than the western region. The change in vegetation cover is correlated with precipitation and this is the main factor driving vegetation change. The Green for Grain Project has greatly increased vegetation cover and rehabilitation across the Loess Plateau, but regional urbanization and industrialization, overgrazing, logging and excessive reclamation and mining have decreased vegetation NDVI in the area. Overall, however, there has been a net positive impact and the Green for Grain Project has highlighted the ecological effects across the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：黄土高原 植被覆盖 Sen+Mann—Kendall 残差分析 人类活动 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]