技术测试中的认识困境——以美国航天飞机项目为例  

Cognitive Dilemmas in Technological Tests——A Case Study of America′s Space Shuttle Program

作　　者：黄嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院,湖南长沙410074

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期7-11,共5页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金资助项目(13YBB027)

摘　　要：技术测试是技术事实建构的核心环节,往往也被视为平息技术争论的可靠基础。然而,技术测试过程受各种社会心理因素影响,其本身可能会成为被质疑的对象,并引发一系列认识困境。结合美国航天飞机项目技术测试的案例,具体分析了技术测试中的三类困境,它们分别由技术测试所承担的探索与说服的双重职能,测试与应用条件相似性判断中的复杂性以及测试标准与操作中的不确定性所导致。适当利用这些困境可能为实现技术民主提供途径。Technological test is a core section in the construction of technological facts, which is believed to provide a solid foundation for solving technological disputes. However, the process of a technological test is affected by various social and psychological factors and may lay itself open to suspicion, thus leading to a series of cognitive dilemmas. Based on a case study of technological tests in America＇s space shuttle program, this paper analyzes three types of dilemmas, which are caused by the dual function of exploring and persuading assumed by technological tests, the complexity of similarity judgments between test and application contexts, and the uncertainties in test standards and procedures. An appropriate use of these dilemmas may provide a path towards technological democracy.

关 键 词：技术测试 认识论 航天飞机 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]