国外宪法基本权利的效力实现及对我国的启示  

Effect Realization of Constitutional Basic Rights in Foreign Countries and Its Implications

作　　者：杨晓楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期86-91,共6页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关资助项目(12JZD048);辽宁省社会科学基金资助项目(L12CFX011);中央高校基本科研业务费青年骨干教师基金资助项目(3132014004)

摘　　要：大部分国家宪法规定的基本权利条款成为控制国家公权力对私权侵害的有力武器。宪法的传统公法性质限制了其适用对象,一些国家宪法在原则上不能直接适用或者有限地适用于公民之间的私人侵权行为。现代宪法理论逐渐关注基本权利在私人主体间的效力问题,以拓宽基本权利条款的实现路径。美国"国家行为人"理论新发展、德国间接第三人效力理论以及其他国家的宪法实践逐步区分出基本权利条款实现的不同模式。比较其他国家基本权利的实现路径,可以为我国宪法基本权利的效力模式发展提供有益借鉴。Most countries＇ constitutions provide basic rights as a powerful tool against the abuse of public powers. Traditionally, the constitution serves as a type of public law, which is mainly applied to the relationship between government and citizens, not to the relationship among private parties. Modern constitutional theories have gradually emphasized the effect realization of basic rights among private parties so as to widen the path to realizing basic rights. The latest development of state actor principle in the US, the third party effect in Germany and the judicial practices in some other countries have gradually differentiated the various patterns of realizing basic rights. This comparative study could provide some useful references for developing the effect patterns of constitutional basic rights in China.

关 键 词：第三人效力 国家行为人 横向效力 纵向效力 

分 类 号：D911.01[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]