细乳液聚合制备球形聚丙烯腈乳胶粒子  

Preparation of Spherical Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization

作　　者：沈慧芳[1] 高强[1] 陈焕钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2014年第1期6-10,共5页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

摘　　要：采用过氧化氢/L-抗坏血酸(H2O2/L-AA)氧化还原引发剂引发丙烯腈(AN)的细乳液聚合;探讨了乳化剂、单体和引发剂浓度以及聚合温度对聚丙烯腈(PAN)乳胶粒子的粒径、形态的影响,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了球形PAN乳胶粒子的形成机理。在AN质量分数为10%,助稳定剂十六烷(HD)为基于AN质量的4%,乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)和引发剂浓度分别为基于水相的8 mmol/L和1.6 mmol/L时,制备出了粒径为67.54 nm的规则球形PAN乳胶粒子,并发现聚合温度是控制PAN乳胶粒子形态的关键因素。通过与热引发剂体系过硫酸钾(KPS)和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)分析比较,进一步表明低温聚合能降低PAN乳胶粒子表面结晶,是PAN乳胶粒子呈现出规则球形的原因。In order to obtain spherical polyacrylonitrile （PAN） particles via a convenient process, miniemulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile （AN） was conducted using hydrogen peroxide/L-ascorbic acid as redox initiator. The effects of surfactant concentration, monomer concentration, initiator concentration and polymerization temperature on the PAN nanoparticle size and morphology were investigated. The formation mechanism of spherical PAN particles was preliminarily analyzed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. With AN mass fraction of 10%, 4% of hexadecane （HD） based on total monomer mass, 8 mmol/L of sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） and 1.6 mmol/L of L-ascorbic acid （L-AA） based on aqueous phase, the regular spherical PAN particles with the diameter of 67.54 nm were successfully prepared at polymerization temperature of 30 ℃. It is found that the polymerization temperature is the key parameter of controlling the surface crystallization of PAN particles prepared via miniemulsion polymerization. By comparing with the polymerization behavior of other thermal initiator, such as potassium persulfate （KPS） and azodiisobutyronitrile （AIBN）, the results show that polymerization at low temperature can retain the surface crystallization of PAN latex, causing a spherical morphology of PAN particles.

关 键 词：细乳液聚合 氧化还原引发剂 球形 聚丙烯腈 乳胶粒子 表面结晶 

分 类 号：TQ316.334[化学工程—高聚物工业]