从美国煤炭资源管理看政府定位  

Analyzing the role of the government from the perspective of coal resources management in the United States

作　　者：王昆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业》2014年第1期11-19,共9页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：美国疆域辽阔、经济总量大、人口较多,和我国有较强的可比性。本文通过对美国煤炭资源管理的研究,分析政府在资源管理中的定位,为完善我国矿产资源管理提供借鉴。美国煤炭资源、地位重要,占矿业比重大,集中度高,安全生产水平高。矿产资源管理制度的主要特点是产权多元、分类管理。煤炭租约原则上一律实行竞争性出让。在以规划统筹各类资源的利用,实现资源公平收益,抑制投机,防止资源浪费等方面做了相应的制度安排,体现了政府"干预"。现代市场经济中政府的角色不仅仅是"守夜人",美国矿产资源管理的一些理念和做法值得进一步研究,我们应综合考虑国情矿情、发展阶段、现实法制环境等因素作出选择。China shares some similarities with the United States in terms of area, population and GDP. This article analyzes the role of the government from the perspective of the coal resources management in the United States, which hopefully could help to improving China＇s mineral resources management. The United States is abundant of coal resources.. The coal industry shares 40% of mining sector and play an important role in the United States. The coal industry is highly concentrated and shows a good safety record. The top 5 producers contribute over half of production. The mineral management in the United States has two characteristics： different types of mineral ownership coexist; three catalogues of mineral resources are subject to different management system. Coal is leased competitively. Government makes many efforts to realize multiple uses, fair return, diligent development and conservation of coal resources. The role of government is far more than a ＂night watcher＂ in the modern market economy. We should take national conditions, development stages and legal system into consideration and choose a right way to improve mineral resources management constantly.

关 键 词：煤炭 分类管理 竞争性出让 政府定位 

分 类 号：F416.21[经济管理—产业经济]