合同条款控制的正当性基础与适用范围——欧洲与德国的模式及其借鉴意义  

Justification and Application Range of the Judicial Control of Contract Terms:Models of Europe and Germany and Their Model Significance

作　　者：王剑一 

机构地区：[1]德国明斯特大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2014年第1期171-181,共11页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2010年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般规划基金项目"东亚区域经济一体化中的东亚合同法协调问题研究--以欧盟合同法为比较对象"(项目批准号:10YJA820132)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：对于合同条款,特别是对于格式条款的司法控制是各国法律的重要领域,也是比较法上最引人注目的课题之一,因为它能够说明一国法律是如何理解私法自治、公平、效率等基本理念的。确定正当性基础和适用范围是条款控制制度建构中最重要的一环。从消费者保护政策出发,欧洲法在"非单独协商条款"这一体系概念的基础上构建条款控制体系,随后的统一法工程则逐渐把商事合同纳入适用范围。德国的《一般交易条款法》最初并不区分适用的合同类型,直到转化欧共体指令后才把消费者保护作为特别的政策考量。我国《合同法》最初的立法方案与实际的立法情况在条款控制领域存在矛盾。在借鉴欧洲和德国模式的基础上,从我国立法的历史和现实出发,立法者可以考虑以防止合同自由的滥用与保护消费者的二分法重构条款控制的正当性基础与适用范围。The judicial control of contract clauses, especially of standard terms, belongs to major domain of the national legal system and prominent subjects of comparative law because it can illustrate how the basic concepts like private autonomy, justice and efficiency are understood in a legal system. The justification and application range are the most important aspects of the clause control. The europe- an law of clause control, which corresponds the policy of consumer protection, is based on a concept ＂not individual negotiated terms＂. Afterwards the contracts between businessmen come into considera- tion via unification projects of european private law. The law of standard clause in Germany was initially applicable for all contract types. The consumer protection became a special concept of clause control af- ter transposition of the european directive in Germany. Within the clause control under the Contract Acts in China there is a contradiction between the original legislative concept and reality of the regulations. Referring to the Models of Europe and Germany, it can be considered that, in view of legislative history and realities of China, the judicial control of contract terms should take dichotomy between Protection against abuse of contract freedom and protection of consumer as a legitimacy foundation.

关 键 词：格式条款 司法控制 正当性基础 适用范围 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学] D923.6