天山乌鲁木齐河流域山区水化学特征分析  

Analysis on the Hydrochemical Characteristics in the Upper Reaches of Urumqi River Basin, Eastern Tianshan

作　　者：冯芳[1,2] 冯起[1] 李忠勤[2] 刘蔚[1] 金爽[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所阿拉善荒漠生态一水文试验研究站 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/天山冰川站,兰州730000

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2014年第1期143-155,共13页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(41121001);实验室自主项目(SKLCS-ZZ-2012-01-01);中国博士后科学基金(2013M532094)

摘　　要：2006、2007年在乌鲁木齐河流域山区,沿河源冰川区到中游山区的6个水文站点(1号冰川、空冰斗、总控、巴拉提沟、跃进桥和后峡)定期持续采集径流样品,对流域山区河流水化学组成、演化过程及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,所有径流样品的离子组成均为Ca2+-HCO-3-SO2-4型,呈弱碱性。河源区冰川径流中TDS和EC均值总控>1号冰川>空冰斗,其中1号冰川径流峰值最大。与河源区相比,上中游3个水文站径流离子含量、TDS和EC明显增高。通过Piper图显示,上中游径流水化学类型与河源区相似,表明整个流域山区径流水化学形成过程存在相似原理。结合Gibbs图和离子比值进行分析,得出碳酸盐、黄铁矿和长石类矿物风化是水化学组成的控制因素。上中游径流中Mg2+和SO2-4离子浓度比例有所增长,表明流域演化过程中含S矿物的氧化作用对径流离子组成的贡献率逐渐增加。The aim of this study was to investigate the hydrochemical composition and evolution of runoff in the upper reaches of the Urumqi River Basin, eastern Tianshan. The 2-year continuous runoff samples were analyzed for major cations （Mg2＋, Ca2＋, Na＋, and K＋） and anions （HCO3, SO24-, NO3- and C1-）, pH, electrical conductivity （EC） and total dissolved solids （TDS） at six hydrological stations during 2006 and 2007. The results revealed that calcium was the dominant cation, while bicarbonate and sulphate were the dominant anions, and the mean pH was slightly alkaline in 2006 and 2007 at all locations. The order for the mean of TDS and EC was Zongkong 〉 Glacial No. 1 〉 Kongbingdou station at the headwaters region, and the peak values at Glacier No. 1 station was the highest with a large amplitude. From the Piper trilinear nomograph, we concluded that the formation process of runoff in the upper reaches of the Urumqi River Basin existed similarity principles. Based on the results of Gibbs distribution pattern and the ion ratios, this paper further explored that the main processes were carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering and feldspar weathering in rocks, and Ca2＋ and HCO3 were the dominant cation and anion during the carbonate weathering process. The ratios of Mg2＋ and SOl- ion concentrations were increased along the upstream to downstream indicating that the contribution rate of mineral oxidation of pyrite was increased gradually in the evolution process of the river.

关 键 词：水化学特征 离子浓度 TDS和EC 岩石风化 乌鲁木齐河 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]