接收清朝与组建民国(上)  

Taking Over From the Qing Dynasty and Establishing the Republic of China(Part One)

作　　者：桑兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系,教授广州510275

出　　处：《近代史研究》2014年第1期4-31,160,共28页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：南北和议告成,依法国务院成为统一民国政府的权力中枢,也是各方角力的关键。南京临时政府自认为是中国唯一具有正当性的共和政权,而清朝末届内阁总理全权大臣袁世凯变身统一临时政府大总统,千方百计将阁府部院当作民国的北方政府。民国从前清接下的不但是机构的烂摊子和财政的空架子,还有麻烦不断的大批旧员和层出不穷的人事纠纷。接收清朝旧署与建置民国新部的南北新旧之争相纠葛,频起风潮,新政府的成立及其运作举步维艰,作为责任内阁的国务院无形中大幅度被弱化和虚化。After the negotiations between the North and South were successfully concluded,the State Council legally became the central authority of the united nationalist government,and also the focal point for struggles between the various parties.The Nanjing provisional government counted the Council as the only legitimate republican authority in China.However,Yuan Shikai,the prime minister of the last cabinet of the Qing dynasty,became the president of the provisional united government,and used every means possible to turn the Qing cabinet,councils,ministries and academies into the Republic of China's northern government.What the Republican government inherited from the Qing dynasty were not only a tangled mess of institutions and hollowed-out finances,but also a large number of old officials who generated endless troubles and personnel disputes.The tasks of taking over the old departments of the Qing government and establishing the new departments of the Republican government were entangled in a struggle between North and South,between old and new,resulting in frequent disturbances.The new government had difficulty establishing itself and getting its operations underway,and quietly the State Council,as the designated responsible cabinet,was undermined and substantially weakened.

关 键 词：南北和谈 内阁制 国务院 袁世凯 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]