中国物流企业的布局特征与形成机制  

Spatial pattern and its mechanism of modern logistics companies in China

作　　者：王成金[1,2] 张梦天 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]路易斯安那州立大学地理与人类学系 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2014年第1期134-144,共11页Progress in Geography

基　　金：中国科学院地理资源所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(2012QY004);中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-06-02);国家自然科学基金项目(41171108)

摘　　要：物流企业指从事物流活动的经济组织,对支撑流通领域的经济活动和社会经济系统的高效运转具有战略意义。在评述国内外研究进展的基础上,选择中国1855家A级物流企业为样本,从宏观区域、省级政区和城市等多层尺度,刻画和分析中国物流企业的布局特征,包括总体格局、空间集聚、覆盖水平等,并从多种角度考察了物流企业布局的形成机制。研究发现,物流企业分布呈现明显差异,沿海地区多于内陆且形成"2:1"比例关系,东部明显多于中西部且呈现"5:2:1"比例关系,省际之间呈现"南多北少"的格局,东南沿海省份尤其江浙两省集聚;物流企业的城市非均衡布局更突出,形成集聚和稀疏地区。经济和产业结构、产业集群、对外开放与国际贸易、交通区位、物流规划与政策等方面的差异是促使物流企业布局形成分异的重要因素。本文可为中国物流企业的布局优化和物流活动组织提供一定参考。Logistics company is an economic entity to specialize in organization and operation of logistics activi- ties and has a strategic significance in supporting various economic activities of circulation field and effective operation of the whole social-economic system, even impacting the reorganization of regional spatial structures. However, review articles in the literature show that for a long time most scholars only pay attention to the distri- bution features or spatial modes of logistics companies at the city scale and organization mode of logistics opera- tional network at the regional or national scale, due to the limit of data collection and methodology, but the distri- bution patterns of logistics companies and the dynamic mechanisms at the national scale are seldom investigat- ed. Particularly, the number of logistics companies has been increasing explosively since the end of 1990s in China's Mainland. For this purpose, in this paper, we choose 1855 A-level logistics companies, rated by the gov- ernment authority by various criterions over the past seven years, as the study samples, from the spatial scales of region, province and city, to describe and analyze the spatial features of the logistics companies in China, includ- ing the overall pattern, spatial centralization, coverage and spatial differentiation. And we explore the dynamic mechanisms of spatial disparities of logistics companies＇ distribution from the multi aspects. The results show that there are obvious spatial distribution disparities among the logistics companies in China. The coastal region has more logistics companies than inland region and their numbers show a“2：1” ratio. Interestingly, the eastern region also has obvious larger number than central and western regions, with “4：2：1” ratios. Generally, the south- ern provinces have more logistics companies, and the northem, northeastern, northwestem and southwestem provinces have fewer. Furthermore, the southeast coastal provinces especially Jiangsu and Zhejiang have the

关 键 词：物流企业 空间布局 形成机制 中国 

分 类 号：F259.27[经济管理—国民经济]