密闭式顶盖对渣土车遗撒和风蚀扬尘的控制效果  

Effect of Closed Cover on Control of Muck Truck Spillage and Wind Erosion Dust Emission

作　　者：黄玉虎[1,2] 曲松[1,2] 白臣平 秦建平[1,2] 李钢[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院 [2]国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心 [3]北京市环境保护局

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2013年第6期498-501,共4页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(200709030);北京市环境保护科学研究院科技基金(2012-B-06)

摘　　要：目的渣土车遗撒和风蚀扬尘是道路扬尘污染的突出问题,为推广密闭式顶盖提供技术依据,对渣土车遗撒量和风蚀扬尘率进行测试。方法利用自制遗撒测试装置测试有无密闭式顶盖的渣土车行驶过程遗撒量,在未密闭货车车厢内均匀撒定量水泥,测试货车行驶过程水泥风蚀量。结果密闭式顶盖安装前后的渣土车超载运输建筑渣土,遗撒量分别为4.0 kg/车和0.2 kg/车,控制效率为95%。北京市2011年渣土车全部安装密闭式顶盖后,渣土遗撒量可由2.67万t/年削减为0.13万t/年。未密闭渣土车运输袋装水泥空车返回时,车速50 km/h时风蚀扬尘率约为35%。结论渣土车应安装机械式全密闭装置,顶盖距离车厢上沿高度应小于等于5 cm,在用渣土车满载干燥渣土在行驶过程中,渣土遗撒量应小于等于0.25 kg/车。Objectives Muck truck spillage and wind erosion dust emission are prominent problems of flying dust pollution on road. To provide technical basis for promoting the use of closed cover, the spillage amount and dust emission rate were tested. Methods The spillage amount and dust emission rate were tested by a self-made spillage testing system on a truck loaded with the same quantity of cement and running in the same condition before and after a sealed cover being equipped. Results The muck spillage were 4.0 kg/vehicle and 0.2 kg/vehicle respectively for the overloaded truck before and after equipped with sealed tilt side panels cover in transporting construction muck, and the efficiency of controlling spillage was 95%. If muck trucks in Beijing were installed with closed covers, the amount of muck spillage could be reduced from 26,700 tons/year to 1,300 tons/year. After the bagged cement was unloaded, the dust emission rate of the unclosed truck in its way back was 35% of 1 or 2kg residues in the truck in a speed of 50 km/h. Conclusions Soft mechanical fully enclosed devices should be added compulsorily on muck trucks, and the distance between the top of the carriage and the cover should be≤ 5cm. The amount of muck spillage should be ≤ 0.25 kg/vehicle for covered muck truck loaded with dry construction muck in running condition.

关 键 词：密闭式顶盖 渣土车 遗撒 风蚀扬尘 

分 类 号：X701.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]